航空机载软件全数字仿真测试系统的设计与实现

针对航空机载软件测试环境与开发环境冲突、测试环境可控性和通用性差、非干预性测试困难的问题,分析了全物理实装测试环境、半实物仿真测试环境的优缺点,研究了全数字仿真测试技术,设计并实现了一种航空机载软件全数字仿真测试系统。该系统由仿真核心平台、仿真工具组件、协同仿真组件和人机交互组件构成,提供了航空机载处理器、内存、外设等多种可重用库。提出了基于底层虚拟机的动态二进制翻译技术、协同仿真时间同步和数据通信机制等关键技术,实现了航空机载软件全数字高速闭环仿真运行。工程实践证明,该系统能达到降低硬件设备的依耐性、简化测试环境搭建的复杂度、提高测试效率约42%的目的。     

小型化低功耗机载显示器图形系统设计与实现

为了满足机载显示器图形生成系统的小尺寸、低功耗需求,提出了一种基于龙芯2K1000的全国产图形生成与处理方案。该方案以2K1000为核心构建硬件平台,使用2K1000内部集成的中央处理器、图形处理器、显示控制器,以及外部的内存实现图形的计算生成和双缓存显示,配合国产可编程逻辑器件实现图形与外视频的叠加显示及机载通信总线扩展。软件上采用航空专用的国产天脉操作系统,基于天脉操作系统设计了关键的图形显示驱动、帧存驱动、显示控制器驱动。实验结果表明,在输出1 024 pixel×768 pixel分辨率显示时,典型机载图形画面帧率达到35 frame/s,整体功耗约10 W。该方案扩展性强、功耗低,满足实时显示需求,在机载显示器领域有着广泛的应用空间。     

视频合成孔径雷达双域联合运动目标检测方法

视频合成孔径雷达(SAR)具有高帧率成像能力,可作为地面运动目标探测的重要技术手段。经典SAR地面动目标显示(SAR-GMTI)依靠目标回波能量来实现动目标检测,同时动目标阴影亦可作为视频SAR动目标检测的重要途径。然而,由于动目标能量和阴影的畸变或涂抹,依靠单一方式难以实现稳健的动目标检测。该文基于目标能量和阴影的双域联合检测思想,分别通过快速区域卷积神经网络和航迹关联两种技术途径实现了视频SAR动目标联合检测,给出了机载实测数据处理结果,并进行了详细分析。该文方法充分利用目标阴影与能量的特征及空时信息,提升了机动目标检测的稳健性。      

快速扫描机载气象雷达多普勒解模糊算法

本文针对机载气象雷达前视快速扫描下的多普勒模糊问题,提出了两种多普勒解模糊算法：基于改进方位向波束形成算法和基于阻塞矩阵算法。基于改进方位向波束形成算法在传统的Capon波束形成的基础上,利用空间谱积分的方法对非期望信号协方差矩阵进行重构和对导向矢量进行估计,进一步提高了算法的鲁棒性,降低方位角估计误差;基于阻塞矩阵算法需要估计导向矢量,并利用导向矢量计算阻塞矩阵,将接收信号进行多普勒模糊相消预处理,阻塞每个多普勒频点的模糊多普勒分量,以达到解模糊的目的。通过仿真实验证明,两种方法均可以有效地恢复信号的多普勒信息,其中基于阻塞矩阵算法与基于改进方位向波束形成算法相比,有更优良的性能,并有更小的运算量。     

无人机载PolInSAR城区散射机制初步分析

极化干涉合成孔径雷达（PolInSAR）在城市遥感领域中扮演着重要角色。它能够提高图像的相干性并提高反演结果的精度,所以对于其散射机制的解释往往受到许多研究人员的关注。相关的研究多从极化分解的角度考虑,却少有人从散射中心高度方面进行分析。本文使用Ku波段无人机载极化干涉SAR系统,实现了使用无人机SAR系统对地面进行成像,比较了极化干涉最优分解与Pauli分解作用在不同人造目标时散射中心的关系。我们初步分析了极化干涉SAR的物理意义,并使用C波段的机载极化干涉SAR系统对结论进行验证。     

Structural study of pyrimidine nucleoside analogues. I: Molecular mechanics and semiempirical calculations of 2′-deoxy-2′-fluoroarabinofuranosyluracils

Molecular mechanics (MM) calculations have been performed on the title compounds. For the MM minimum energy conformation obtained by conformational analysis, molecular orbital (MO) calculations (MNDO and AM1) have also been performed. The geometries obtained have been compared with the experimental ones extracted from the Cambridge Structural Database (CSD). A qualitative structure-activity relationship has been pointed out based on the electrostatic potentials calculated at different positions on the electronic surface.     

Improving (Q)SAR predictions by examining bias in the selection of compounds for experimental testing

ABSTRACT

Existing data on structures and biological activities are limited and distributed unevenly across distinct molecular targets and chemical compounds. The question arises if these data represent an unbiased sample of the general population of chemical-biological interactions. To answer this question, we analyzed ChEMBL data for 87,583 molecules tested against 919 protein targets using supervised and unsupervised approaches. Hierarchical clustering of the Murcko frameworks generated using Chemistry Development Toolkit showed that the available data form a big diffuse cloud without apparent structure. In contrast hereto, PASS-based classifiers allowed prediction whether the compound had been tested against the particular molecular target, despite whether it was active or not. Thus, one may conclude that the selection of chemical compounds for testing against specific targets is biased, probably due to the influence of prior knowledge. We assessed the possibility to improve (Q)SAR predictions using this fact: PASS prediction of the interaction with the particular target for compounds predicted as tested against the target has significantly higher accuracy than for those predicted as untested (average ROC AUC are about 0.87 and 0.75, respectively). Thus, considering the existing bias in the data of the training set may increase the performance of virtual screening.     

Particle-size distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urban air in southern Spain

The size distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) was determined for airborne particles from a large city with high vehicular traffic. The analytical method was optimised and validated using NIST standard reference material (SRM 1649a Urban Dust). The 16 priority PAH listed in the US-EPA were Soxhlet-extracted from filtered particulate matter and then fractionated using on-column chromatography. The aromatic fraction was quantified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Real samples of particles collected in Seville (Spain) were analysed using the validated method. Values for the total concentration of PAH in the air, as well as the concentrations of each PAH in six particle-size ranges were obtained. Values of the PAH in TSP, PM₁₀, PM_2.5 and PM₁ were assessed.     

对星载SAR压制式干扰的作战使用问题

压制式干扰是对抗星载SAR的重要手段，目前对星载SAR实施压制式干扰的方法可分为直达波压制干扰和间接波压制干扰。本文针对星载SAR的作战使用特点，在分析压制式干扰技术的基础上，重点对星载SAR压制式干扰的战术使用问题进行了研究，并且将压制干扰与间接波压制干扰的作战使用作了比较。研究结果表明：间接波干扰更有利于干扰设备作战效能的发挥，在对抗星载SAR的过程中有直达波干扰无法比拟的优势。     

贝叶斯融合在SAR图像分类中的应用

本文研究将数据融合理论用于SAR图像分类.通过贝叶斯理论进行多通道SAR图像测量级数据融合,充分利用像素的从属信息并获得单通道分类无法获取的分类结果,有效保留各通道有用信息并抑制图像中的斑点噪声;针对贝叶斯融合涉及到的先验概率的问题采用两种方式进行先验概率估计,对估计引起的马赛克现象提出了三种解决方法;并提出三种先验概率融合方法,比较得出相对最优的SAR图像多通道分类方案.