原位透射电子显微学进展及应用

文章简要介绍了近年来原位透射电子显微学的进展,并指出,原位透射电子显微技术的发展使得在纳米、原子层次观察样品在力、热、电、磁作用下以及化学反应过程中的微结构演化成为可能。通过研究物质在外界环境作用下的微结构演化规律,揭示其原子结构与物理化学性质的相关性,指导其设计合成和微结构调控,促进新物质的探索和深层次物质结构研究,为解决凝聚态物理学中的具体问题提供了直接、准确和详细的方法。     

Transmission of macroeconomic shocks to risk parameters: Their uses in stress testing

In this paper, we are interested in evaluating the resilience of financial portfolios under extreme economic conditions. Therefore, we use empirical measures to characterize the transmission process of macroeconomic shocks to risk parameters. We propose the use of an extensive family of models, called General Transfer Function Models, which condense well the characteristics of the transmission described by the impact measures. The procedure for estimating the parameters of these models is described employing the Bayesian approach and using the prior information provided by the impact measures. In addition, we illustrate the use of the estimated models from the credit risk data of a portfolio.     

新一代信息基础设施推动能源发展的路径安排和绩效研究

随着信息技术的迅猛发展,其带来的变革浪潮涌动在各个角落。作为社会的运行动脉,能源的产生运转和利用体系享受新一代信息基础设施的优势,发生着巨大变化。文章研究了新一代信息基础设施对于能源革命的推动传导方式的影响,分析了在这一过程中新一代信息基础设施普及对能源行业及能源使用方式的影响。基于过往信息化数据、已有理论及当下流行的5G运用方式,做回溯性探究,前瞻未来能源革命的蓝图。     

Optical diffusers based on uniform nano-sized polymer balls/nematic liquid crystals composite films

ABSTRACT

Optical diffusers are promising diffusing materials in the optical devices such as monitors, projectors, fibre optics, light-emitting diode (LED) systems and liquid crystal displays (LCDs). We report optical diffusers comprising uniformly distributed nano-sized polymer balls/nematic liquid crystals (LCs) by ultraviolet (UV) click reaction of ene monomer and thiol monomer. By optimising the mass ratio 1:1 of ene and thiol, of which the average diameter of the corresponding nano-sized polymer balls is about 900 nm, relatively high optical transmission and haze with 88.99% and 94.49% are yielded, respectively. Furthermore, by controlling the curing time, the average diameter of nano-sized polymer balls can be reduced to 810 nm, and the developed film exhibits high transmission (98.49%) without sacrificing the high haze (91.77%). This paper demonstrates that UV click reaction is an economical approach to fabricate optical diffusers in a controllable manner.     

A 340-GHz thin film polarisation converter

This paper introduces a 340-GHz polarisation converter. The polarisation converter consists of a bilayer metamaterial, which is processed by the flexible thin film lithography method. Two-dimensional metamaterial offer such advantages over traditional quarter-wave-plates as compactness, low profile and simple fabrication process, but the insertion loss is comparably high. In order to lower the insertion loss, the 10-μm ultrathin polyimide substrate and a bilayer structure separated by a quarter wavelength air impedance match layer are adopted. After the horn antenna’s far-field test by vector network analyser and the Gaussian beam test based on Terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS), the results show that in the band of 325–350 GHz, the transmission loss is less than 2 dB, and the axial ratio is less than 3 dB; besides, simulation and test insertion loss performance difference is less than 1 dB, which indicates that the method we adopt is effective. In addition, based on transmission line theory, we analyse its working principle and the influence from the fabrication error.     

Er:SGB晶体主轴折射率测量

根据Er:Sr3Gd(BO3)3(Er:SGB)的透过率曲线粗略估计了该晶体的折射率,再利用自准直法,精确测量了30~170℃范围内,0.4880μm、0.6328μm、1.0640μm、1.338μm等波长下Er:SGB晶体的主轴折射率,得到Sellm e ier方程并计算了1.319μm下Er:SGB晶体的主轴折射率,与实验测量的结果进行比较,两者的差异不大于2×10-4,处在测量误差的范围内,验证了实验结果的可靠性。     

Fast Exfoliation and Functionalisation of Two‐Dimensional Crystalline Carbon Nitride by Framework Charging

Two‐dimensional (2D) layered graphitic carbon nitride (gCN) nanosheets offer intriguing electronic and chemical properties. However, the exfoliation and functionalisation of gCN for specific applications remain challenging. We report a scalable one‐pot reductive method to produce solutions of single‐ and few‐layer 2D gCN nanosheets with excellent stability in a high mass yield (35 %) from polytriazine imide. High‐resolution imaging confirmed the intact crystalline structure and identified an AB stacking for gCN layers. The charge allows deliberate organic functionalisation of dissolved gCN, providing a general route to adjust their properties.     

Combined static electromagnetic radiation and plant extract contribute to the biosynthesis of instable nanosilver responsible for the growth of microstructures

The instant biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles under static electromagnetic induction, its antibacterial activity and its post exposure monitoring were reported here. A mix of silver nitrate solution and Ruta chalepensis leaf extract was irradiated by a static electromagnetic field (SMF) of 200 mT. The characteristics and stability of the biosynthesized silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) were determined. Compared to the non-irradiated exposure, the morphology and state of the obtained material change once the exposition to SMF is turned off. Shifting from 453 to 473 nm, the percentage of the needles shaped silver nanoparticles increased and continue to win and dominate the biomixture toward the spherical silver nanoparticles. TEM microscopy showed a wide range of silver materials designed in different nanoscale morphology and beyond where they undergo major changes affecting mainly the size, shape and form (dispersity) of nanosilver.     

Structural and optical properties of GaxIn1−xP layers grown by chemical beam epitaxy

Chemical beam epitaxial (CBE) Ga_xIn_1?xP layers (x≈0.5) grown on (001) GaAs substrates at temperatures ranging from 490 to 580°C have been investigated using transmission electron diffraction (TED), transmission electron microscopy, and photoluminescence (PL). TED examination revealed the presence of diffuse scattering 1/2{111}_B positions, indicating the occurrence of typical CuPt-type ordering in the GaInP CBE layers. As the growth temperature decreased from 580 to 490°C, maxima in the intensity of the diffuse scattering moved from ½{111}_B to ½{?1+δ,1?δ,0} positions, where δ is a positive value. As the growth temperature increased from 490 to 550°C, the maxima in the diffuse scattering intensity progressively approached positions of $\frac{1}{2}\{\bar 110\} $ , i.e., the value of δ decreased from 0.25 to 0.17. Bandgap reduction (～45 meV) was observed in the CBE GaInP layers and was attributed to the presence of ordered structures.