自主空中加油会合过程中飞行制导律设计

针对目前自主空中加油亟需解决的会合问题,采用带有末端角约束的比例导引方法,实现了受油机导引进入加油区域,加油机采用非线性制导算法跟踪赛马场跑道线飞行,并给出了有风条件下非线性制导算法可能失效的解决办法。引入虚拟目标和虚拟加油机的概念,保持受油机和加油机在会合上的时间同步,设计了相应的速度控制器。利用Matlab/Simulink搭建仿真平台对空中加油会合制导律进行了仿真验证,仿真结果表明设计的制导律能满足自主空中加油的会合要求。     

基于SIFT和Affinity Propagation的遥感图像配准算法

随着传感器和光学影像测量等各种技术的快速发展,航空遥感技术已经在电力巡检、森林防火、地理测绘等领域中发挥着越来越重要的作用,而图像配准作为遥感图像的预处理步骤为图像融合等后续处理提供了参考和依据,目前已经成为遥感图像处理领域的研究热点。文中提出了一种基于尺度不变特征变换（Scale-invariant Feature Transform,SIFT）和仿射传播聚类（Affinity Propagation,AP）的图像配准算法。该算法与原有算法相比优势在于无需预先设定参数,并且实验仿真表明该算法能有效地对多源图像进行高精度的配准,与随机抽样一致算法（Random Sample Consensus,RANSAC）相比提高了正确匹配点的数目。     

多无人机时序到达协同控制方法

时序到达控制是无人机协同控制方向新近产生的典型问题, 对异构无人机协同执行搜索、跟踪、打击、评估等任务具有重要潜在价值。引入计算几何学中的Laguerre图用于航路规划, 当两个威胁区域不相交时, Laguerre图生成的初始航路必然从它们之间的空隙内穿过。针对时序控制精度不高的问题, 采用周期性的速度修正方法, 有效提高了到达时间精度。仿真结果表明, 所提出的时序到达控制方法能够有效实现多无人机时序到达, 并且具有较高的鲁棒性和控制精度。     

无人机空中加油过程中编队飞行控制

针对空中加油中无人机位置保持问题,进行了时变质量UAV的动力学建模与非线性控制设计。综合考虑了燃油传输对UAV的质量、惯性矩阵和质心位置的影响,基于相对于惯性系的状态变量,推导了UAV时变质量动力学方程。分析燃油传输带来的动力学影响,并设计神经网络动态逆控制律来实现UAV的位置保持,通过非线性仿真验证了控制律的有效性。     

基于比值导数法的棉花蚜害无人机成像光谱监测模型研究

蚜虫是棉花的主要害虫之一,我国棉花产量每年因蚜虫危害造成的损失高达5%～10%。田块尺度的棉花蚜害空间分布监测可以辅助精准定量施药,减少环境污染。利用无人机搭载成像光谱仪获取的“图谱合一”的遥感数据因其具有分辨率高、时效性高、成本低等优势,可为作物病虫害监测提供了重要数据源。比值导数法模型简洁,运行效率高,结果精确,可以有效的应用于遥感反射率光谱解混处理,提取对目标信息较为敏感的波段,为构建虫害监测模型提供了有效的手段。因此本研究选择棉花典型生产区新疆库尔勒地区为实验区,开展以下工作: （1）以低空无人机搭载成像光谱仪获取棉花蕾期冠层成像光谱影像,结合地面调查数据,获取76个样点光谱数据及蚜害严重度(包含健康植株16个,蚜害严重度1～4级每级选取15个);(2)分析不同蚜害严重度棉花冠层光谱的特征,并利用比值导数法筛选出对蚜害胁迫敏感的光谱波段,分别为514,566和698 nm波段; (3)构建基于三个敏感波段的光谱反射率、比值导数光谱值的一元线性回归和偏最小二乘法的蚜害严重度估测模型。结果表明：(1)蚜害对棉花冠层的光谱反射率有显著影响。棉株受蚜害胁迫越严重,其在可见光区域的反射率越高,近红外波段反射率越低,发生红边区域“蓝移”;（2）比值导数法可有效提取蚜害棉花冠层光谱敏感波段,所筛选的514,566和698 nm三个波段与相关系数法所筛选的敏感波段一致;(3)利用敏感波段比值导数光谱值所构建的蚜害严重度估测模型精度优于敏感波段光谱反射率所构建的模型, 其中698 nm波段构建的模型精度最佳（R2=0.597, RMSE=0.91）; (4)三个敏感波段的比值导数光谱值所构建的偏最小二乘多元回归模型精度优于单个波段比值导数光谱值所构建的模型（R2=0.612, RMSE=0.89）;(5)基于比值导数法的棉花蚜害无人机成像光谱监测模型可以获取田块尺度的不同严重度蚜害空间分布图,对于精准定量施药有重要的指示意义。     

A new method to accelerate depth extraction for aperture-coded camera

Depth extraction, or the retrieval of three-dimensional information of the captured scene from camera, is an important problem in computer vision and image processing. The aperture-coded camera has certain advantages in depth extraction. However, such calculation will cost huge time as it contains weighted iterative deconvolution. In order to solve the problem, this paper proposes an improved algorithm in which the image is firstly segmented and then the small image regions are sampled for deconvolution and depth judgment. Experimental results prove that the proposed method can greatly reduce time consumption and save computer memory. On this basis, by using the characteristics of aperture-coded camera obtaining image and depth, we propose a framework to handle the application of stitching the images of occluded scene, and then carry out experiments.     

用LBS—16B型高速相机记录高温动态云纹干涉条纹

以３０ｍＷＨｅ－Ｎｅ激光作为相干光源，用ＬＢＳ—１６Ｂ型高速相机连续记录ＬＹ１２铝板试件在大电流快速加热条件下的动态云纹干涉条纹图像，获得了１０００幅／ｓ的有效拍摄频率，为将云纹干涉应用于高温动态变形测试提供了一种有效的方法。     

A study on spatially extended phase objects using speckle photography

We present an application of an improved speckle photography technique for spatially extended phase objects. A contour mapping of a thin lens displaying its phase variation is presented. A theoretical analysis is investigated followed by the experimental presentation. Reasonable interference fringes are obtained and compared with the fringes obtained for hot air. The phase information of the object is extracted using the point-by-point technique.     

喷气Z-pinch高速扫描摄影技术研究

 叙述了高速摄影在阳加速器喷气Z-pinch实验中测量等离子体向心运动时的应用，用高速变像管扫描相机首次拍摄到阳加速器喷气负载为氖气状态下产生等离子体压缩过程的扫描像，该扫描像的时间分辨本领很高,可以观察到等离子体内爆压缩阶段整个过程，测得了该过程的直径随时间连续变化曲线。     

Determination of strain and stress distribution on shearwalls by using the speckle photography technique

Speckle photography (SP) is a powerful tool that is adequate to determine small displacements in micrometer range. This information shows other characteristics of structure deformation under loads and can be determined as stress and strain distribution. In this paper we present the results of the application of the SP technique used to study the behaviour of discontinuities in a shearwall model. These structural elements are very important to the stability of buildings. The displacement whole field around the discontinuities and loading points was determined using the pointwise method. This allows us to determine stress distribution at the point of interest by means of the suitable equations. We also present the stress distribution obtained through the finite element method in order to compare the results obtained by means of these two techniques. Good correspondence was found between the displacements determined by both techniques (r=0.982) and also between the stress values we obtained.