基于背景感知的相关滤波抗遮挡优化算法

针对相关滤波目标跟踪中由于目标遮挡、出视野引起的跟踪失败等问题,以背景感知相关滤波(background aware correlation filters, BACF)算法为基础,提出一种抗遮挡优化算法。首先特征提取部分融合方向梯度直方图(histogram of oriented gradient, HOG)特征与颜色名称(color name, CN)特征;其次提出层级遮挡优化算法,在目标跟踪过程中根据平均峰值相关能量(average peak to correlation energy,APCE)和最大响应峰值判断目标外观是否发生较大变化,并通过巴氏距离进一步计算目标相邻滤波器模板特征相似程度,以此判断造成目标外观变化的真正原因,进而决定是否更新模板;针对目标出视野问题,提出模板筛查策略,跟踪过程中每隔K帧对滤波器模板进行置信度考查,若目标丢失,则生成新的模板并对目标进行全局搜索重新抓取目标。通过在目标跟踪数据集OTB2015上测试,优化算法精确度与成功率分别为83.0%与78.8%,有效提高了算法性能。     

可精确综合的超宽阻带等波纹微带低通滤波器

利用公比线网络的可综合特性,设计实现了一种具有宽阻带特性和带内等波纹响应的传输线低通滤波器。该滤波器的原始设计以一段具有Z型拓扑的平行耦合线节为核心,在其四个独立端口处对称加载两对开路枝节线。当所有的传输线元件的电长度均相同时,对上述网络加以分析并得到完整的传输函数。利用平移匹配法,可以在满足指定截止频率和波纹系数的约束下,令其传输函数满足一组可调的等波纹响应。最后,利用开路扇形贴片等效低阻抗加载枝节线,完成实物滤波器的制作。测试与仿真结果吻合良好,验证了设计方法的有效性和正确性。     

差分无源器件的设计

在现代无线通信系统中,差分电路相比单端电路而言具有更强的抗干扰能力,因此受到了国内外学者的广泛关注。文章介绍了混合模散射参数、差分器件设计中常用的微带线和缝隙线及两种传输线之间的相互转化,并介绍了基于微带线和缝隙线转换结构的两种全差分带通滤波器。两种滤波器分别实现了多频段和宽带的差模传输特性以及宽带的共模抑制特性。文章还给出了差分耦合器、差分功分器和差分天线等差分器件的设计。仿真与实测结果吻合较好,验证了设计方法的正确性。     

Single-Atom Metal Sites Anchored Hydrogen-Bonded Organic Frameworks for Superior “Two-In-One” Photocatalytic Reaction

Photoredox catalysis is a green solution for organics transformation and CO₂ conversion into valuable fuels, meeting the challenges of sustainable energy and environmental concerns. However, the regulation of single-atomic active sites in organic framework not only influences the photoredox performance, but also limits the understanding of the relationship for photocatalytic selective organic conversion with CO₂ valorization into one reaction system. As a prototype, different single-atomic metal (M) sites (M²⁺ = Fe²⁺, Co²⁺, Ni²⁺, Cu²⁺, and Zn²⁺) in hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks (M-HOF) backbone with bridging structure of metal-nitrogen are constructed by a typical “two-in-one” strategy for superior photocatalytic C N coupling reactions integrated with CO₂ valorization. Remarkably, Zn-HOF achieves 100% conversion of benzylamine oxidative coupling reactions, 91% selectivity of N-benzylidenebenzylamine and CO₂ conversion in one photoredox cycle. From X-ray absorption fine structure analysis and density functional theory calculations, the superior photocatalytic performance is attributed to synergic effect of atomically dispersed metal sites and HOF host, decreasing the reaction energy barriers, enhancing CO₂ adsorption and forming benzylcarbamic acid intermediate to promote the redox recycle. This work not only affords the rational design strategy of single-atom active sites in functional HOF, but also facilitates the fundamental insights upon the mechanism of versatile photoredox coupling reaction systems.     

Aperture-Adjustable and Repairable Metal-Based MOFs Catalysis Membrane for Water Purification

Precise adjustment of the pore size, damage repair, and efficient cleaning is all challenges for the wider application of inorganic membranes. This study reports a simple strategy of combining dry-wet spinning and electrosynthesis to fabricate stainless-steel metal–organic framework composite membranes characterized by customizable pore sizes, targeted reparability, and high catalytic activity for membrane cleaning. The membrane pore size can be precisely customized in the range of 14–212 nm at nanoscale, and damaged membranes can be repaired by targeted treatment in 120 s. In addition, advanced oxidation processes can be used to quickly clean the membrane and achieve 98% flux recovery. The synergistic actions of the membrane matrix and the selective layer increase the adsorption energy of active sites to oxidant, shorten the electron transfer cycle, and enhance the overall catalytic performance. This study can provide a new direction for the development of advanced membranes for water purification and high-efficiency membrane cleaning methods.     

Light Controlled Biohybrid Microbots

Biohybrid microbots integrate biological actuators and sensors into synthetic chassis with the aim of providing the building blocks of next-generation micro-robotics. One of the main challenges is the development of self-assembled systems with consistent behavior and such that they can be controlled independently to perform complex tasks. Herein, it is shown that, using light-driven bacteria as propellers, 3D printed microbots can be steered by unbalancing light intensity over different microbot parts. An optimal feedback loop is designed in which a central computer projects onto each microbot a tailor-made light pattern, calculated from its position and orientation. In this way, multiple microbots can be independently guided through a series of spatially distributed checkpoints. By exploiting a natural light-driven proton pump, these bio-hybrid microbots are able to extract mechanical energy from light with such high efficiency that, in principle, hundreds of these systems can be controlled simultaneously with a total optical power of just a few milliwatts.     

Solid Solvation Assisted Electrical Doping Conserves High-Performance in 500 nm Active Layer Organic Solar Cells

Organic solar cells (OSCs) process fascinating solution-printing capability to achieve low-cost and large-scale manufacture. However, the rapid power conversion efficiency (PCE) decay with active layer thickness enlargement inhibits the implement of OSCs’ potential advantages. To overcome the bottlenecks of PCE decay in thick active layer OSCs, the electrical doping with componential selectivity in bulk heterojunction (BHJ) film is achieved by introducing a solid solvation additive. Benefiting from the higher exciton splitting efficiency together with the longer drift (L_dr) and diffusion (L_diff) lengths, an OSC with 100 nm BHJ film demonstrates a PCE increment from 16.44% to 18.24% with prolonged dark and illuminated storage stabilities. Applying the solid solvation assisted (SSA) doping method in the OSCs with 500 nm active layer, the PCE significantly increases by 31.9%, from the original value of 11.79% to 15.55%. It further improves to 15.84% in a ternary blend thick-film device, which is the record value to the best of our knowledge. Besides, the SSA doping narrows the PCE gap between the 0.04 and 1 cm² devices. All improvements demonstrate the great potential of SSA doping for OSC commercial manufacture, since it optimizes the photovoltaic performance under all practical conditions of long-term, thick-film, and large-area.     

一种6~18 GHz宽带高精度有源移相器

设计了一种6 bit 6~18 GHz工作频段的宽带高精度有源移相器。片上集成了输入无源巴伦、逻辑编码器、RC多相滤波器、矢量合成单元、数控单元等。该移相器的设计采用55 nm CMOS工艺实现,芯片尺寸为1.29 mm×0.9 mm,移相器核心尺寸为1.02 mm×0.58 mm。后仿结果表明,在6~18 GHz频率范围内,增益误差RMS值小于1 dB,相位误差RMS值小于0.75°,输入回波损耗、输出回波损耗分别小于-8.5 dB、-8.9 dB,芯片总功耗为20.7 mW。该6 bit移相器的相对带宽为100%,覆盖C、X和Ku波段,适用于雷达探测等领域。     

A hybrid disturbance observer for delivery drone’s oscillation suppression

This paper proposes a new hybrid disturbance observer (DOB) to help suppress disturbance to the control systems. The proposed hybrid DOB consists of three main parts: (1) an actual system, (2) a simulated system, and (3) a learning filter that connects the actual and simulated systems. The simulated system aims to replicate the actual system response, where it leverages a neural network model to predict the input disturbance and generate the predicted system response. Such system response is used to generate a learning signal through a learning filter; this learning signal is then added to the feedforward loop of the estimation framework to enhance the disturbance estimate and its suppression performance for the actual system. The proposed hybrid DOB is designed to advance the standard DOB structure with a learning-based feedforward compensation. While the proposed method does not modify the baseline controller, it is well suited to systems whose baseline controllers are difficult or impossible to be changed. Considering the delivery drones are subject to oscillations when dropping payloads, experimental tests with multiple payload dropping scenarios have been conducted using both the hybrid and standard DOB, where the compared results validate the effectiveness and advantages of the proposed hybrid DOB.     

宽阻带小型化双频带通滤波器

文中提出了一种具有宽阻带的紧凑型双频带通滤波器,它采用了折叠短路枝节负载谐振器、紧凑型微 带单元谐振器(CMRC)和阶跃阻抗谐振器结构。由于多个谐振器产生了五个可控传输零点(TZ),该滤波器实现了两个 通带之间的良好隔离度以及宽阻带特性。制作并测试了尺寸紧凑的双频带通滤波器实验样品,测试结果显示,第一通 带和第二通带的中心频率/ 插入损耗分别为0. 66 GHz/0. 8 dB 和1. 73 GHz/0. 7 dB,阻带频率高达10. 5 GHz,抑制水平 超过15 dB。