Simultaneous imaging of the structure and fluorescence of a supramolecular nanostructure formed by the coupling of π‐conjugated polymer chains in the intermolecular interaction

We fabricated a micrometer‐long supramolecular chain in which π‐conjugated polyrotaxane was coupled. A new experimental setup was designed and constructed, and the simultaneous direct imaging of the structure and fluorescent function was achieved. Furthermore, we identified the formation of a polymer intertwined network and observed novel fluorescence due to a long‐range interaction via this intertwined network over a distance of 5 μm or more without quenching over 15 min in the near field. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 801–809, 2006     

Luminescent copolymers for applications in multicolor‐light‐emitting devices

Light‐emitting diodes based on organic materials [organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs)] have attracted much interest over the past decade. Several different attempts have been made to realize multicolor OLEDs. This article describes a new approach based on energy transfer in a donor/acceptor system. A copolymer containing both donor and acceptor compounds as comonomer units is prepared. The polymer consists of a derivative of a luminescent dye [4‐dicyanmethylene‐2‐methyl‐6‐4H‐pyran (DCM); acceptor compound], which is copolymerized with fluorene (donor compound) to combine the properties of an electroactive polymer with a highly luminescent dye. Photochemical processing is achieved by UV irradiation of this copolymer in the presence of gaseous trialkylsilanes. This reagent selectively saturates the C?C bonds in the DCM comonomer units while leaving the fluorene units essentially unaffected. As a result of the photochemical process, the red electroluminescence of the acceptor compound vanishes, and the blue‐green electroluminescence from the polyfluorene units is recovered. Compared with previous approaches based on polymer blends, this copolymer approach avoids problems associated with phase‐separation phenomena in the active layer of OLEDs. © 2006Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 4317–4327, 2006     

Evaluation of piezoelectric PVDF polymers for use in space environments. III. Comparison of the effects of vacuum UV and gamma radiation

Films of piezoelectric PVDF and P(VDF‐TrFE) were exposed to vacuum UV (115–300 nm VUV) and γ‐radiation to investigate how these two forms of radiation affect the chemical, morphological, and piezoelectric properties of the polymers. The extent of crosslinking was almost identical in both polymers after γ‐irradiation, but surprisingly, was significantly higher for the TrFE copolymer after VUV‐irradiation. Changes in the melting behavior were also more significant in the TrFE copolymer after VUV‐irradiation due to both surface and bulk crosslinking, compared with only surface crosslinking for the PVDF films. The piezoelectric properties (measured using d₃₃ piezoelectric coefficients and D‐E hysteresis loops) were unchanged in the PVDF homopolymer, while the TrFE copolymer exhibited more narrow D‐E loops after exposure to either γ‐ or VUV‐radiation. The more severe damage to the TrFE copolymer in comparison with the PVDF homopolymer after VUV‐irradiation is explained by different energy deposition characteristics. The short wavelength, highly energetic photons are undoubtedly absorbed in the surface layers of both polymers, and we propose that while the longer wavelength components of the VUV‐radiation are absorbed by the bulk of the TrFE copolymer causing crosslinking, they are transmitted harmlessly in the PVDF homopolymer. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 44: 3253–3264, 2006     

Methods in carbon K-edge NEXAFS: Experiment and analysis

Near-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy (NEXAFS) is widely used to probe the chemistry and structure of surface layers. Moreover, using ultra-high brilliance polarised synchrotron light sources, it is possible to determine the molecular alignment of ultra-thin surface films. However, the quantitative analysis of NEXAFS data is complicated by many experimental factors and, historically, the essential methods of calibration, normalisation and artefact removal are presented in the literature in a somewhat fragmented manner, thus hindering their integrated implementation as well as their further development. This paper outlines a unified, systematic approach to the collection and quantitative analysis of NEXAFS data with a particular focus upon carbon K-edge spectra. As a consequence, we show that current methods neglect several important aspects of the data analysis process, which we address with a combination of novel and adapted techniques. We discuss multiple approaches in solving the issues commonly encountered in the analysis of NEXAFS data, revealing the inherent assumptions of each approach and providing guidelines for assessing their appropriateness in a broad range of experimental situations.     

Effect of a thermal radiation field on the γ-luminescence of alkali-silicate glass

We revealed the changes in the γ-luminescence spectra under the influence of a thermal radiation field on high-purity alkali-silicate glasses (I) and those with addition of Fe³⁺ ions (II). We explain the obtained results within the framework of the L-model of edge absorption and electron-hole recombination processes. Samarkand State University, 15, Universitetskii Bul., Samarkand, 703004, Republic of Uzbekistan. Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 65, No. 3, pp. 453–455, May–June, 1998.     

Observation of baker’s yeast strains used in biotransformation by atomic force microscopy

Different strains of baker’s yeast(Saccharomyces cerevisiae) were imaged with an atomic force microscope (AFM). The images of uncoated and nonfixed samples were reproducible with high-constrast and nanometer-resolution. Molecules from the polysaccharide surface of the cell wall were pictured and the distance of atoms was measured. The preparation of samples was easy, suggesting that AFM is a useful tool in this type of analyses.     

Gamma radiation effects on an amine antioxidant added in an ethylene-propylene copolymer

The aim of this work was to compare the gamma radiation induced effects on samples of an ethylene-propylene copolymer antioxidant free with samples loaded with an antioxidant characterised by the presence of an -NH functional group. The employed techniques were Electron Spin Resonance spectroscopy (ESR) and High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Stable radicals R---NO° due to the interaction of free radicals produced in the irradiated polymer with the antioxidant have been observed by ESR at room temperature. The time evolution of the ESR signals following the irradiation was examined at different doses. The amount of antioxidant not involved in the oxidation reactions has been determined using HPLC.     

一种低损耗声表面波滤波器

本文从声表面波滤波器的基本原理出发，介绍了我们研制的低损耗声表面波滤波器，给出了实验结果，经实验证实有较好的频率特性。     

The effect of UV light on the thermooxidative stability of linear low density polyethylene films crosslinked by ionizing radiation

The effect of ultraviolet (UV) light on the thermooxidative stability of Linear Low Density Polyethylene(LLDPE) films was studied. LLDPE was stabilized with phenolic type antioxidant known as Irganox 1010, hindered amine light stabilizer known as Chimmasorb 944 and phenolic type gamma stabilizer. The influence of these additives on the thermooxidative stability of gamma and UV irradiated LLDPE were investigated by isothermal Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC). The oxidation induction time (OIT) experiments indicate that antirad free LLDPE films which contains antioxidant and UV stabilizer are more sensitive to gamma and UV radiation. On the other hand, films which contain antirad and irradiated to different doses of γ-radiation demonstrated improved thermooxidative stability.     

微型硅谐振式力传感器的振动分析

介绍了谐振式力传感器的工作原理，并从理论上和实验上对中科院合肥智能所研制的第一代微型硅谐振梁（３×０．４×０．０４５ｍｍ＾３）式测力传感器进行了全面的振动分析，所得结构为其进一步优化设计提供了科学根据，文中使用的实验分析方法，为其它微小物体的动态和识别提供了一条有效途径。