ZnTe晶体中光学整流产生的THz辐射及其电光探测研究

借助抽运-探测技术研究了ZnTe晶体中光学整流产生的太赫兹(THz)辐射，利用ZnTe晶体的线性电光效应探测THz辐射场分布，观察到了较窄(约为0.2 ps)的THz场分布及相应较宽(响应超过4 THz，半峰宽约为2.4 THz)的THz频谱，并运用琼斯矩阵对实验结果进行了理论拟合. 研究了飞秒激光脉冲波长(750—850 nm)、脉冲宽度(56—225 fs)和晶体旋转与THz辐射产生的关系. 同时改变探测光偏振方向进行偏振调制，并从理论上分析了偏振调制对THz辐射探测的影响. 关键词： THz辐射 光学整流 电光探测 ZnTe     

New periodic solutions to a generalized Hirota－Satsuma coupled KdV system

Using expansions in terms of the Jacobi elliptic cosine function and third Jacobi elliptic function, some new periodic solutions to the generalized Hirota－Satsuma coupled KdV system are obtained with the help of the algorithm Mathematica. These periodic solutions are also reduced to the bell-shaped solitary wave solutions and kink-shape solitary solutions. As special cases, we obtain new periodic solution, bell-shaped and kink-shaped solitary solutions to the well-known Hirota－Satsuma equations.     

线性簇合物SC2nS2－(n =1～12)电子吸收光谱

应用密度泛函理论,在B3LYP/6-31G*水平上优化了线性簇合物SC2nS2－(n =1～12)的基态平衡几何结构,并计算了它们的谐振动频率.在基态平衡构型下,通过TD-B3LYP/cc-pvTZ和TD-B3LYP/cc-pvDZ计算,确定了簇合物SC2nS2－(n =1～10) 电子跃迁的垂直激发能和对应的振子强度.基于计算结果,导出了电子跃迁吸收波长与体系大小n的解析关系式,以及SC2nS2－体系第一电离能与体系大小n的解析表达式,并讨论了不同端位原子对碳链体系激发态性质的影响.     

Jahn－Teller变形后C60－的结构和电子光谱

用INDO系列方法对C₆₀^－进行几何构型优化,得到D_3d对称性的构型,表明C₆₀^－确实发生了Jahn-Teller畸变,导致单键变短,双键变长,形成10种键,6种不等同碳原子,并以此构型为基础,计算了C₆₀^－的电子光谱,与实验结果吻合;同时对光谱进行了理论指认;最后对C₆₀^－的3种构型：D_5d,D_3d,D_2h的几何构型、能量、光谱和反应特性进行了分析、比较和总结。     

ZnO/ZnSe复合纳米结构的制备及可见光光催化性能

通过热水解法, 以氧化锌为模板, 成功制备出形貌均一的ZnO/ZnSe复合纳米结构. 为了对比不同O/Se比对光催化性能的影响, 保持其它反应参数不变, 调节还原剂水合肼的用量, 得到不同硒化程度的ZnO/ZnSe复合纳米结构. 采用场发射扫描电子显微镜、 X射线衍射仪和透射电子显微镜对样品的形貌及结构进行了表征, 通过测试该复合结构对亚甲基蓝的可见光催化降解评估了其光催化效率. 结果表明, 与纯ZnO比, ZnO/ZnSe复合结构在可见光区域和紫外光区域的光吸收范围变宽, 显示出较高的光催化效率. 原因在于ZnSe导带上的电子在扩散势能的作用下迁移到ZnO的导带上, 而空穴仍保留在ZnSe价带, 这样有助于光生电子和空穴对的分离, 降低其复合机率, 从而提高ZnO的光催化效率.     

Ag/ZnO/ZnSe三元异质结的合成及其可见光光催化性能

以Ag纳米线为模板,通过两步水浴法合成了Ag/Zn O/Zn Se三元异质结光催化材料。利用场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)、X射线能谱仪(EDS)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)以及透射电子显微镜(FETEM)对样品的形貌和结构进行了表征。结果显示,Ag/Zn O/Zn Se三元异质结为蠕虫状的Ag/Zn O二元异质结外镶嵌着Zn Se小颗粒。在可见光下,对比纯Ag纳米线、纯Zn O纳米球、Ag/Zn O异质结对罗丹明B的可见光降解效率,结果发现Ag/Zn O/Zn Se异质结表现出了更高的光催化效率。其光催化性能的提高主要是由于Ag/Zn O/Zn Se异质结的作用促使电子空穴对的分离,降低了电子空穴对的复合机率,从而提高了材料的光催化效率。     

非化学计量组成Ba1.03Ce0.5Zr0.4La0.1O3－α的化学稳定性和离子导电性

用高温固相反应法合成了非化学计量组成的Ba_1.03Ce_0.5Zr_0.4La_0.1O_{3－α质子导体. 粉末X射线衍射(XRD)结果表明, 该材料为单一钙钛矿型BaCeO3斜方晶结构, 在高温下、CO2或水蒸气气氛中具有较高的稳定性. 扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察分析表明, 材料经1550 ℃烧结20 h非常致密. 在500～900 ℃温度范围内, 用交流阻抗谱技术测定了材料在湿润氢气和湿润空气气氛中的电导率; 用气体浓差电池方法测定了材料在湿润氢气、湿润空气气氛中和氢-空气燃料电池条件下的离子迁移数, 研究了材料的离子导电特性, 并与化学计量组成的BaCe0.5Zr0.4La0.1O3－α材料进行了比较. 结果表明, 在500～900 ℃温度范围内、湿润氢气气氛中, Ba1.03Ce0.5Zr0.4La0.1O3－α材料的质子迁移数为1, 是一个纯质子导体. 在湿润空气气氛中, 材料的氧离子迁移数为0.688～0.170, 质子迁移数为0.218～0.017, 是一个氧离子、质子和电子空穴的混合导体. 在氢-空气燃料电池条件下, 材料的离子(氧离子＋质子)迁移数为0.990～0.796, 是一个氧离子、质子和电子的混合导体. 与化学计量组成的BaCe0.5Zr0.4La0.1O3－α材料相比较, 在相同实验条件下非化学计量组成的Ba1.03Ce0.5Zr0.4La0.1O3－α材料具有较高的电导率和离子迁移数.}     

Ultrathin zinc selenide nanosheet-based intercalation hybrid coupled with CdSe quantum dots showing enhanced photocatalytic CO_2 reduction

Fabrication of well-designed heterojunctions is an extraordinarily attractive pathway for boosting the photocatalytic activity toward CO_2 photoreduction.Herein,a novel kind of na nosheet-based intercalation hybrid coupled with CdSe quantum dots(QDs) was successfully fabricated by a facile solvothermal method and served as photocatalyst for full-spectrum-light-driven CO_2 reduction.Ultra-small CdSe QDs were rationally in-situ introduced and coupled with lamellar ZnSe-intercalation hybrid nanosheet,resulting in the formation of CdSe Q.Ds/ZnSe hybrid heterojunction.Significantly,the concentration of Cd~(2+) could change directly the crystallinity and micromorphology of ZnSe intercalation hybrid,which in turn would impact on the photocatalysis activity.The optimized CdSe QDs/ZnSe hybrid-5 composite demonstrated a considerable CO yield rate of the 25.6 μmol g~(-1) h~(-1) without any additional cocatalysts or sacrificial agents assisting,making it one of the best reported performance toward CO_2 photoreduction under full-spectrum light.The elevated CO_2 photoreduction activity could be attributed to the special surface heterojunction,leading to improving the ability of light absorption and promoting the separation/transfer of photogenerated carriers.This present study developed a new strategy for designing inorganic-organic heterojunctions with enhanced photocatalyst for CO_2 photoreduction and provided an available way to simultaneously mitigate the greenhouse effect and alleviate energy shortage pressure.     

Photon- and electron-induced surface voltage in electron spectroscopies on ZnSe(0 0 1)

The surface band bending in ZnSe(0 0 1), as a function of the temperature, is investigated both in the valence band (by photoemission) and in the conduction band (by inverse photoemission and absorbed current spectroscopies). Two different mechanisms are invoked for interpreting the experimental data: the band bending due to surface states, and the surface voltage induced by the incident beam. While the latter is well known in photoemission (surface photovoltage), we demonstrate the existence of a similar effect in inverse photoemission and absorbed current spectroscopies, induced by the incident electrons instead of photons. These results point to the importance of considering the surface voltage effect even in electron-in techniques for a correct evaluation of the band bending.     

Novel magneto-oscillatory behavior of confined electrons at a twin boundary in ZnSe and at an interface in GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructures

Electronic properties of confined electrons at naturally formed twin boundaries in ZeSe have been investigated by microwave absorption measurements. Cyclotron resonance signal of the confined electrons was observed. On the cyclotron resonance peak, novel oscillation of the absorption intensity was observed. Similar oscillatory behavior was also observed in GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructures near cyclotron resonance filed at which new Shubnikov–de Haas-like oscillation was observed by Zudov. The oscillatory structure has a period not in inverse magnetic field but magnetic field. The origin of the oscillation observed is caused by Rayleigh interference of two-dimensional electron gas.