Image Formation in Low Vacuum SEM

The role of positive gaseous ions in the formation of secondary electron images in low vacuum scanning electron microscopes is discussed. This paper describes the charging processes and related effects that occur during high vacuum imaging of insulators and then discusses the influence of ions on those processes. The ions are responsible for a number of phenomena, including distortion of the electric field above and below the specimen surface due to space charge, removal of excess negative charge from the specimen, alteration of the specimen surface barrier, and scavenging/filtering of the secondary electron emission. The resulting electron-specimen-ion interactions can give rise to interesting contrast effects that are unique to this class of instruments.     

The spline collocation method for parabolic boundary integral equations on smooth curves

Summary. We consider the spline collocation method for a class of parabolic pseudodifferential operators. We show optimal order convergence results in a large scale of anisotropic Sobolev spaces. The results cover the classical boundary integral equations for the heat equation in the general case where the spatial domain has a smooth boundary in the plane. Our proof is based on a localization technique for which we use our recent results proved for parabolic pseudodifferential operators. For the localization we need also some special spline approximation results in anisotropic Sobolev spaces. Received May 17, 2001 / Revised version received February 19, 2002 / Published online April 17, 2002     

Inner Radius of Univalence for a Strongly Starlike Domain

 The inner radius of univalence of a domain D with Poincaré density ρ _D is the possible largest number σ such that the condition ∥ S _f ∥ _D  = sup _{w∈ D} ρ _D (w) ⁻²∥ S _f (z) ∥ ≤ σ implies univalence of f for a nonconstant meromorphic function f on D, where S _f is the Schwarzian derivative of f. In this note, we give a lower bound of the inner radius of univalence for strongly starlike domains of order α in terms of the order α. The author was partially supported by the Ministry of Education, Grant-in-Aid for Encouragement of Young Scientists, 11740088. A part of this work was carried out during his visit to the University of Helsinki under the exchange programme of scientists between the Academy of Finland and the JSPS. Received November 26, 2001; in revised form September 24, 2002 Published online May 9, 2003     

一种能补偿热效应的高功率端面泵浦Nd:YVO4激光谐振腔的设计

针对激光二极管端面泵浦的Nd:YVO₄全固态激光器,提出了一种利用双晶体,对Nd:YVO₄的热效应进行补偿的方案,同时该方案又能提高最大输出功率,避免由于插入附加光学元件所导致的损耗,满足调Q以及提高腔内倍频效率的要求.     

Influence of strain on the magneto-exciton in single and coupled InP/GaInP quantum disks

We investigated theoretically the influence of strain on the exciton in both single and three vertically coupled self-assembled quantum dot systems in the presence of a perpendicular magnetic field. For the single disk, we find that the heavy-hole exciton is the ground state, while for the system of three stacked disks, the light hole state was found to be lower in energy. Results for the diamagnetic shift were compared with experimental results.     

Polarity control of GaN epilayers grown on ZnO templates

We report the successful growth of Ga-polar GaN epilayers on O-polar ZnO templates pre-deposited on c-sapphire. Prior to GaN growth, NH₃ is exposed onto the ZnO template. The polarity of the GaN layers is confirmed by etching of the surface and by conversion beam electron diffraction (CBED), while the O-polar ZnO is confirmed by CBED. It is suggested that the NH₃ pre-exposure helps form a Zn₃N₂ layer, which possesses inversion symmetry and inverts the crystal from anion polar to cation polar.     

Speciation Analysis of Inorganic Tin (Sn(II)/Sn(IV)) by Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry Following Ion-Exchange Separation

A new method based on anion exchange resin separation and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS) detection is proposed for the determination of inorganic tin species. The result showed that Sn(IV) was quantitatively retained on the resin when [HCl] = 9.0 mol · L⁻¹, but Sn(II) could not be adsorbed on the resin under the same condition. Thus, a separation of Sn(II) and Sn(IV) has been realized. When the concentration of NaOH solution was between 2.0–7.0 mol · L⁻¹, Sn(IV) that adsorbed on the resin could be eluated from the resin completely. Meanwhile, under the atmosphere and the nitrogen states, the translation between Sn(II) and Sn(IV) was investigated. Under the optimal conditions, the detection limit of Sn(IV) is 0.40 μg · L⁻¹ with RSD of 2.3% (n = 5, c = 2.0 μg · L⁻¹). The proposed method was applied to the speciation analysis of tin in different water samples and the recovery of total Sn was in the range of 98.7–101.7%. In order to verify the accuracy of the method, a certified reference water sample was analyzed and the results obtained were in good agreement with the certified value.     

转动玻璃圆筒激光器

本文介绍了转动玻璃圆筒激光器的设计及实验结果,得到了脉冲能量为13J,重复频率为15Hz的激光输出。电光转换效率为2.2％,斜效率为3.4％。