Exact domain-wall solitons

We provide exact periodic and soliton solutions of optical domain-wall structures that arise due to modulation instability in a nonlinear medium with normal dispersion.     

Electrical conductivity of long plasma channels in air generated by self-guided femtosecond laser pulses

e >10¹² cm^-3) in the filaments, which plays a crucial role in the interplay of diffraction and self-focussing, leading to the formation of long stable channels. These filaments may have applications for laser-triggered lightning. Received: 12 February 1999     

Exact multi-soliton solutions in nonlinear optical systems

In this paper, we present the (1 + 1)-dimensional inhomogeneous nonlinear Schrödinger (NLS) equation, which describes propagation of optical waves in nonlinear optical systems exhibiting spatial inhomogeneity, inhomogeneous nonlinearity and gain or loss at the same time. Exact multi-soliton solutions are presented by the simple Darboux transformation based on the Lax Pair, and the exact one- and two-soliton solutions in explicit forms are also generated. As two examples, we consider two nonlinear optical systems. In the systems, based on the exact solutions, a series of interesting properties of optical waves are displayed.     

Rotating surface soliton complexes in annular waveguides

We address surface soliton complexes formed at the edge of annular guiding structures containing several concentric rings. Such soliton complexes feature a π-phase difference between neighboring spots. It is shown that the multipole-mode solitons can rotate steadily upon propagation, and the existence domain is strongly affected by the rotation frequency. The rotation may enhance the stabilization of surface multipole-mode solitons.     

Self-deflection of partially spatially incoherent beams and solitons in photovoltaic photorefractive crystals

By considering the effect of background light and diffusion, the self-deflection process of partially spatially incoherent (PSIC) beams and photovoltaic (PV) solitons in open-circuit PV photorefractive crystals has been investigated by employing numerical method and the perturbation technique, respectively. The results from the two approaches are in good agreement: the center of PSIC PV solitons moves on a parabolic trajectory, which is similar to those of coherent solitons. In addition, we also discuss that the dependence of self-deflection effect on the coherent parameter θ₀ and find it is slight relative to θ₀ for quasi-soliton but decreases monotonously with θ₀ for PSIC beam.     

Microjoule supercontinuum generation by stretched megawatt femtosecond laser pulses in a large-mode-area photonic-crystal fiber

Microjoule supercontinuum generation is demonstrated using a large-mode-area photonic-crystal fiber (PCF) pumped by an amplified stretched-pulse output of a mode-locked Cr:forsterite laser. A PCF with a mode area of 380 μm² is employed to transform 300-fs Cr:forsterite laser pulses with a peak-power of a few megawatts into a supercontinuum radiation with a spectrum spanning from 700 to 1800 nm and a total energy of 1.15 μJ.