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81.
Lu Meng Jing Xiang Rupesh Kotecha Douglas Rose Hong Zhao Dazhe Zhao Jinzhu Yang Ton Degrauw 《Magnetic resonance imaging》2010
Background and Purpose
The widespread propagation of synchronized neuronal firing in seizure disorders may affect cortical and subcortical brain regions. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) can noninvasively quantify white matter integrity. The purpose of this study was to investigate the abnormal changes of white matter in children and adolescents with focal temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) using DTI.Materials and Methods
Eight patients with clinically diagnosed TLE and eight age- and sex-matched healthy controls were studied. DTI images were obtained with a 3-T magnetic resonance imaging scanner. The epileptic foci were localized with magnetoencephalography. Fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), parallel (λ||) and perpendicular (λ⊥) diffusivities in the genu of the corpus callosum, splenium of the corpus callosum (SCC), external capsule (EC), anterior limbs of the internal capsule (AIC), and the posterior limbs of the internal capsule (PIC) were calculated. The DTI parameters between patients and controls were statistically compared. Correlations of these DTI parameters of each selected structure with age of seizure onset and duration of epilepsy were analysed.Results
In comparison to controls, both patients' seizure ipsilateral and contralateral had significantly lower FA in the AIC; PIC and SCC and higher MD, λ|| and λ⊥ in the EC, AIC, PIC and SCC. The MD, λ|| and λ⊥ were significantly correlated with age of seizure onset in the EC and PIC. λ|| was significantly correlated with the duration of epilepsy in the EC and PIC.Conclusion
The results of the present study indicate that children and adolescents with TLE had significant abnormalities in the white matter in the hemisphere with seizure foci. Furthermore, these abnormalities may extend to the other brain hemisphere. The age of seizure onset and duration of epilepsy may be important factors in determining the extent of influence of children and adolescents TLE on white matter. 相似文献82.
The photoluminescence (PL) spectra, PL excitation spectra, color coordinates, and X-ray diffraction spectra are reported for SrGa2S4:Sn,Re(=Ce and Gd, respectively) phosphors. By mixing SrGa2S4:Sn,Ce phosphors with different Ce3+ concentrations, white emissions can be obtained under the excitation of a 340-nm UV LED. Emissions in the green to yellow color range can be obtained from SrGa2S4:Sn,Gd phosphors. The rare earth ions enhance the green emission band, which peaks at 534 nm, instead of the yellow one. The origin of this enhancement is discussed. The resonant energy transfer rates are estimated in the cases from Ce3+ to the green and yellow centers of Sn2+ and between the yellow centers and the green centers. 相似文献
83.
Ce3+ and Dy3+ activated Li2CaGeO4 phosphors were prepared by a solid-state reaction method, and characterized by XRD (X-ray diffraction) and photoluminescence techniques. The characteristic emission bands of Dy3+ due to 4F9/2→6H15/2 (blue) and 4F9/2→6H13/2 (yellow) transitions were detected in the emission spectra of Li2CaGeO4:Dy3+. Ce3+ broad band emission was observed in Li2CaGeO4:Ce3+ phosphors at 372 and 400 nm due to 5d→4f transition when excited at 353 nm. Co-doping of Ce3+ enhanced the luminescence of Dy3+ significantly and concentration quenching occurs when Dy3+ is beyond 0.04 mol%. White-light with different hues can be realized by tuning Dy3+ concentration in the phosphors. 相似文献
84.
We propose a novel system of a nano-waveguide that can be used to generate the continuous optical spectrum, i.e. white light. A system consists of two micro-ring resonators and a nano-ring resonator that can be integrated into a single system. The large bandwidth signal is generated using a soliton pulse propagating within a Kerr-type nonlinear medium, whereas the continuous bandwidth or wavelength of light signal can be performed. Results obtained have shown the potential of using such a system for white light source generation and amplification, which is discussed. The amplified pulse can be stored within a nano-waveguide, which is allowed to form the continuous spectrum after amplification. Alternatively, the low-level solar radiation can be amplified, and the bandwidth signals can also be enlarged. 相似文献
85.
A high performance white light emitter diode (LED) driver based on boost converter with novel single-wire serial-pulse digital dimming (SWSP) is proposed. The driver uses external serial programmed pulses and internal clock to simplify brightness control. By embedding a 5-bit digital analog converter (DAC) into the driver, wide dimming range is achieved. Moreover, a new dynamic slope compensation circuit is presented and other key circuits of the driver are optimized to get higher efficiency and fast transition response. A practical circuit is implemented with 0.6 um bipolar complementary-metal-oxide-semiconductor double-diffused-metal-oxide-semiconductor (BCD) technology. The simulation results show that the driver can provide both wide output current from 1.3 mA to 42 mA with 32-level digital dimming and higher efficiency up to 83% while it works at 1 MHz switching frequency with the input voltage variation from 2.7 V to 5.5 V. 相似文献
86.
L. Cavaleri 《International Journal of Non》2006,41(9):1068-1083
A dynamic identification technique in the time domain for time invariant systems under random external forces is presented. This technique is based on the use of the class of restricted potential models (RPM), which are characterized by a non-linear stiffness and a special form of damping, that is a product of the input power spectral density (PSD) matrix and the velocity gradient of a non-linear function of the total mechanical energy. By applying stochastic differential calculus and by specific analytical manipulations, some algebraic equations, depending on the response statistics and on the mechanic parameters that characterize RPM, are obtained. These equations can be used for the dynamic identification of the above mechanic parameters once the response statistics of the system to be identified are evaluated. The proposed technique allows one to identify single-degree-of-freedom or multi-degrees-of-freedom systems in the case of unmeasurable input. Further, the probabilistic characteristics of the external forces can be completely estimated in terms of PSD matrix. 相似文献
87.
A modified variable-coefficient projective Riccati equation mapping method is applied to (2 + 1)-dimensional Wick-type stochastic generalized Broer-Kaup system. With the help of Hermit transformation, we obtain a series of new exact stochastic solutions to the stochastic Broer-Kaup system in the white noise environment. 相似文献
88.
Rita Simões Christoph Mönninghoff Martha Dlugaj Christian Weimar Isabel Wanke Anne-Marie van Cappellen van Walsum Cornelis Slump 《Magnetic resonance imaging》2013
Magnetic Resonance (MR) white matter hyperintensities have been shown to predict an increased risk of developing cognitive decline. However, their actual role in the conversion to dementia is still not fully understood. Automatic segmentation methods can help in the screening and monitoring of Mild Cognitive Impairment patients who take part in large population-based studies. Most existing segmentation approaches use multimodal MR images. However, multiple acquisitions represent a limitation in terms of both patient comfort and computational complexity of the algorithms. In this work, we propose an automatic lesion segmentation method that uses only three-dimensional fluid-attenuation inversion recovery (FLAIR) images. We use a modified context-sensitive Gaussian mixture model to determine voxel class probabilities, followed by correction of FLAIR artifacts. We evaluate the method against the manual segmentation performed by an experienced neuroradiologist and compare the results with other unimodal segmentation approaches. Finally, we apply our method to the segmentation of multiple sclerosis lesions by using a publicly available benchmark dataset. Results show a similar performance to other state-of-the-art multimodal methods, as well as to the human rater. 相似文献
89.
90.
Natalia Vladimirova 《Combustion Theory and Modelling》2013,17(3):377-400
Using the Boussinesq buoyancy approximation, we study a bubble of reaction products rising in the reactant fluid under the influence of gravity. Reaction on the surface of the bubble (the flame) results in an increase of the volume of the bubble. We consider fluids with low Prandtl and high Froude numbers (heat diffusion dominates over viscous dissipation, and burning dominates over gravitational effects). We show that, under these conditions, all initially small bubbles follow the same growth pattern, regardless of the flame speed, the reaction type, the gravity, the viscosity, the initial size, and, to some extent, the initial shape of the bubble. In the initial stage of this similarity solution a bubble grows radially in an essentially motionless fluid until it reaches some critical size, which is determined by the laminar flame speed, the gravitational acceleration, and the Atwood number. Once the bubble reaches the critical size, convection becomes significant and the bubble evolves into a more complicated, mushroom-like shape. The similarity solution is expressed using the critical bubble size for the unit length and the critical size divided by the laminar flame speed as the unit time. 相似文献