Physico-chemical aspects of polyethylene processing in an open mixer. Part 29: Experimental kinetics and mechanisms of γ-lactone formation

The experimental kinetics for γ-lactone formation shows more complexity than that for acids. Nonetheless, it can be concluded to the existence of a constant rate of formation from the beginning of the experiments with polyethylene melts. There is an additional term contributing to γ-lactone formation in the initial stages that is cubic in processing time. In the advanced stages of processing, in the high temperature range (170-200 °C), the concentration of γ-lactones increases linearly with the processing time.There are many mechanisms susceptible to give γ-lactones on polyethylene melt processing. Some of them are based on decomposition of intermediates formed directly on chain propagation. This is so for the α,γ-keto-hydroperoxides in 4-position to hydroxyl groups. Since decomposition of these intermediates is very fast, the reaction might account for a constant rate of γ-lactone formation from the beginning of polyethylene processing. Decomposition of the α,δ-keto-hydroperoxides formed on intramolecular reactions on chain propagation is not so fast as that of the α,γ-keto-hydroperoxides. Nonetheless, it might account for part of the delayed formation of γ-lactones. The same is valid for the mechanisms based on peroxidation of aldehydes and γ-hydroxy trans-vinylene groups that involve intermediates that are formed on polyethylene peroxidation. They might be important for explaining the cubic term as well as γ-lactone formation in the advanced stages of polyethylene processing.     

Multiple kernel-based multi-instance learning algorithm for image classification

In this paper, a novel multi-instance learning (MIL) algorithm based on multiple-kernels (MK) framework has been proposed for image classification. This newly developed algorithm defines each image as a bag, and the low-level visual features extracted from its segmented regions as instances. This algorithm is started from constructing a “word-space” from instances based on a collection of “visual-words” generated by affinity propagation (AP) clustering method. After calculating the distance between a “visual-word” and the bag (image), a nonlinear mapping mechanism is introduced for registering each bag as a coordinate point in the “word-space”. In this case, the MIL problem is transformed into a standard supervised learning problem, which allows multiple-kernels support vector machine (MKSVM) classifiers to be trained for the image categorization. Compared with many popular MIL algorithms, the proposed method, named as MKSVM-MIL, shows its satisfactorily experimental results on the COREL dataset, which highlights the robustness and effectiveness for image classification applications.     

基于视感知特征的多光谱高保真降维方法研究

为解决多光谱数据在降维压缩过程中的颜色精度保持问题,提出一种基于人眼视觉感知特征的多光谱数据高保真降维压缩方法(VPCM)。研究首先依据人眼视觉响应的非线性解析特征,成功构建了同时综合人眼光谱特征与色度特征的变换函数,并通过进一步构造的优化函数对其进行修正,以针对不同的样本集找到最佳变换方向,而后利用修正后的视觉特征变换函数对光谱样本集进行空间变换(Γ(S)=C),然后利用主成分分析方法对经视觉特征函数变换后样本集光谱数据进行降维压缩处理,并通过逆变换重构出样本集光谱数据(Γ-1(C)=^S),进行降维评价。实验选取四类具有典型代表性的数据集作为测试样本,分别以D50/2°条件下的CIELab色差和75组典型照明光源(钨丝灯、荧光灯和LED灯)下的平均同色异谱指数(MMI)作为色度主要评价指标,同时对比了Lab-PQR和2-XYZ两种较为先进的光谱降维算法。实验结果为VPCM方法的MMI值最小,其次是LabPQR,而2-XYZ的表现较差;VPCM方法在75组光源下对四组样本集的平均重构色差ΔEab也为最小,且最大样本平均色差及方差均要小于其他两种方法;VPCM方法的重构光谱精度介于Lab-PQR和2-XYZ之间,Lab-PQR的重构光谱精度最高。实验结果显示新方法色度压缩精度整体优于对比的两种方法,在变换参考条件下具有良好的色差稳定性,能够较好的应用于多光谱数据色度高保真压缩。     

Physico-chemical aspects of polyethylene processing in an open mixer. Part 28: Formal kinetics of aldehyde and carboxylic acid formation in the advanced stages

The rate of acid formation at high temperature is constantly increasing but temperature independent. Two main mechanisms can account for this behavior in the advanced stages of polyethylene processing. The first mechanism is based on free radical induced oxidation of aldehyde pairs that are formed on acid-catalyzed decomposition of allylic hydroperoxides. The last will be formed essentially on mechanical stress-induced oxygen addition to trans-vinylene groups. Peroxidation of one of the aldehydes might yield an acyl-peroxy radical that is likely to abstract the labile hydrogen atom from the second aldehyde. The acyl radical formed in the reaction will abstract a hydroxyl group from the peracid formed in the same reaction. This yields an acid and an acyl-oxy radical that will give a primary alkyl radical on decarboxylation. The second mechanism involves oxidation of ketones and alcohols that accumulate in the oxidizing melt. Acid-catalyzed decomposition of the α-keto-hydroperoxides yields simultaneously an acid and an aldehyde. Formal kinetics based on each mechanism shows that they do not involve significant activation energy, as it is required by the experimental data. The dependency on the oxygen concentration deduced from the formal kinetics for the oxidation of aldehyde pairs is in agreement with the experiments.     

基于图像处理的模拟尾流气泡幕研究

利用图像处理技术,对模拟的尾流气泡幕进行了定性和定量分析.压强较小时,位于不同层面上气泡的重叠少,通过二值图像处理可清楚地观察气泡的尺度大小及密度分布;而当压强较大时,不同层面气泡重叠幅度大,大部分气泡的边界难以判断,不能够得到气泡尺度参量及密度分布等信息.利用区域分割技术对获取的气泡幕灰度图像进行伪彩色显示,定性分析了气泡幕中气泡尺度、分布等信息.基于形状分析的等效直径、气泡幕剩余面积和剩余面积变化显示,不同压强下气泡的等效直径分布均在5～100像素范围,平均等效直径为55像素,压强较小条件下小气泡比例较大.     

有源干扰条件下机载MIMO雷达STAP协方差矩阵秩的分析

该文分析了正侧阵机载MIMO雷达杂波加有源干扰协方差矩阵的结构,得到杂波加有源干扰协方差矩阵秩的上界为杂波的秩与有源干扰的秩之和减去有源干扰个数。并由此得到MIMO雷达杂波加有源干扰协方差矩阵非满秩而SIMO雷达杂波加有源干扰协方差矩阵满秩时有源干扰个数的范围。当有源干扰的数目在此范围时,SIMO雷达的理论性能严重下降,而MIMO雷达在理论上仍然有足够的自由度来抑制杂波和有源干扰,从而保证有较好的性能。通过仿真实验验证了上述结论。     

用Visual Basic开发个性化图形界面的技术及其实现

Visual Bhsic(VB)是开发Windows环境下图形化应用程序的良好工具，其易学易用已为广大编程爱好者公认。可是VB开发的图形界面中规中矩，已不能满足日益张显个性的要求，就此本文以时钟程序为例，介绍如何用VB开发具有通明效果的不规则图形界面应用程序的关键技术。     

Parallel variable metric algorithms for unconstrained optimization

We classify Straeter's ideas for parallel unconstrained optimization and apply them to Huang's class of updating formulas. Straeter's rank-one updating formula appears to be the only parallel extension within Huang's class with the property of quadratic termination. We also develop a parallel extension of Broyden's (1965) rank-one updating formula and prove quadratic termination. Finally, we present numerical results, obtained by testing the algorithms on several standard example problems.     

多Transputer网络的构造及其流水线操作的实现

介绍了Transputer的特性,着重论述建立多Transputer拓朴互连网络的一般方法,讨论了在多Transputer并行处理网络上实现流水线操作,并给出实例.     

摩托车数字点火器标定系统的设计与实现

针对摩托车数字点火器,实现了一种低成本的标定系统。通过USB-RS232接口电路实现标定系统上、下位机的硬件连接。基于.NET Framework的Visual C#多线程编程技术完成上位机软件标定界面、监控模块、标定数据文件管理的设计;采用前后台模式完成下位机软件的标定通信和点火控制模块设计。实验表明,该标定系统工作稳定,操作方便,为数字点火器的快速开发提供了有效工具。