Elimination of GeO2 and Ge3N4 interfacial transition regions and defects at n-type Ge interfaces: A pathway for formation of n-MOS devices on Ge substrates

The contribution from relatively low-K SiON interfacial transition regions (ITRs) between Si and transition metal (TM) gate dielectrics places a significant limitation on equivalent oxide thickness (EOT) scaling for Si complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) devices. This limitation is equally significant and limiting for Ge CMOS devices. Low-K Ge-based ITRs in Ge devices have also been shown to limit performance and reliability, particular for n-MOS field effect transistors. This article identifies the source of significant electron trapping at interfaces between n-Ge or inverted p-Ge, and Ge oxide, nitride and oxynitride ITRs. This is shown to be an interfacial band alignment issue in which native Ge ITRs have conduction band offset energies smaller than those of TM dielectrics, and trap electrons for negative Ge substrate bias. This article also describes a novel remote plasma processing approach for effectively eliminating any significant native Ge ITRs and using a plasma-processing/annealing process sequence for bonding TM gate dielectrics directly to the Ge substrate surface.     

Determining the Zn Content of Cherry in Field Using VNIR Spectroscopy

Visible and near-infrared(VNIR)spectroscopy is an eco-friendly method used for estimating plant nutrient deficiencies.The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility of using VNIR method for estimating Zn content in cherry orchard leaves under field conditions.The study was conducted in 3different locations in Isparta region of Turkey.Fifteen cherry orchards containing normal and Zn deficient plants were chosen,and 60 leaf samples were collected from each location.The reflectance spectra of the leaves were measured with an ASD FieldSpec HandHeld spectroradiometer and a plant probe.The Zn contents of leaf samples were predicted through laboratory analysis.The spectral reflectance measurements were used to estimate the Zn levels using stepwise multiple linear regression analysis method.Prediction models were created using the highest coefficient of determination value.The results show that Zn content of cherry trees can be estimated using the VNIR spectroscopic method(87.5相似文献   

阵列式光纤光谱仪的小麦霉变在线检测

小麦是我国战略性储藏粮食品种，但小麦易受霉菌感染而发生霉变，影响其食用安全。加强小麦有害霉菌侵染程度的早期检测是控制其危害的需要措施。然而，现有的平板计数和荧光染色等检测方法，普遍存在前处理繁杂、时效性差等不足。故此，拟运用阵列式光纤光谱仪结合化学计量学方法，建立霉变小麦的实时在线检测方法，并为进一步开发粮食品质与安全在线检测装备提供参考。小麦样品经辐照灭菌后分别接种五种谷物中常见有害霉菌：串珠镰刀菌83227、层出镰刀菌195647、雪腐镰刀菌3.503、寄生曲霉3.3950和赭曲霉3.3486，并置于28 ℃和85%相对湿度环境中储藏7 d以加速霉变。在样品储藏的第0，1，3，5和7 d，运用阵列式光纤光谱仪和漫反射探头在线采集样品的漫反射特征光谱，并依据国标平板计数法测定样品菌落总数水平。光谱采集步骤为：在线检测平台上，设置样品运动速度0.15 m·s-1和光谱仪积分时间20 ms，采集波段为600~1 600 nm，重复测量3次。然后，首先对小麦原始光谱进行平滑、多元散射校正和导数变换等预处理以消除光谱噪音；随后，运用主成分分析(PCA)对受不同霉变程度(储藏阶段)的小麦样品进行区分；最后，利用线性判别分析(LDA)和偏最小二乘回归分析(PLSR)建立小麦有害霉菌侵染程度的定性定量分析模型。小麦在储藏期内经历未霉变、开始霉变和严重霉变三个阶段。原始和二阶微分光谱显示霉菌侵染引起小麦光谱特征发生显著改变，PCA结果表明不同储藏阶段(霉变程度)小麦样品存在一定分离趋势。利用前十个主成分得分建立的LDA判别模型，对不同霉变程度小麦样品的识别率达90.0%以上。结果表明：小麦样品菌落总数的PLSR定量预测模型的预测决定系数(R2_p)为0.859 2，预测均方根误差(RMSEP)为0.401 Log CFU·g-1，相对分析偏差(RPD)达2.65。应用阵列式光纤光谱仪结合计量学方法在线评估小麦霉变具有一定可行性。下一步研究中，应扩大样品量，补充自然霉变及受更多代表性霉菌侵染的小麦样品，以不断增强模型的鲁棒性和方法的适用性。     

Visible light-induced thione-ene cycloaddition reaction for the surface modification of polymeric materials

A feasible method for the surface modification of polymeric materials with LDPE films as model substrates based on visible light-induced thione-ene cycloaddition reaction is proposed.     

Visible light-induced 4-phenylthioxanthone-catalyzed aerobic oxidation of triarylphosphines

We report herein a visible light-induced oxidation of triarylphosphines under aerobic condition with excellent functional group tolerance. In this transformation, the photo catalyst 4-phenylthioxanthone acted as a photosensitizer for the in situ generation of singlet oxygen. This new approach provided a cheaper and greener method for the preparation of phosphine oxide, showing great advantages in environmental protocols.     

Energy transfer or electron transfer?—DFT study on the mechanism of [2+2] cycloadditions induced by visible light photocatalysts

The intramolecular [2+2] cycloaddition of 1,3-dienes under visible light irradiation investigated by Yoon and his co-workers shows remarkably high yield and stereoselective differences under different photocatalysts. The reaction was speculated to be induced by energy transfer. However, the origin for these phenomena is still unclear. In this scene, the detailed mechanism for the [2+2] cycloaddition of 1,3-dienes under visible light has been investigated using density functional theory B3LYP and TPSSTPSS methods. The result shows that the reaction not only can be induced by energy transfer between photocatalysts and reactants, but also can be induced by electron transfer between them. The [2+2] cycloaddition induced by energy transfer is carried out along the potential energy surface (PES) of triplet excited states (T₁) firstly, and then goes back to the singlet ground state (S₀) via MECPs (minimum energy crossing points) between the PESs of the S₀ and T₁ states, forming the product in the S₀ state. The [2+2] reaction induced by electron transfer proceeds along the doublet state PES of the cation radical reactant and the neutral four-membered ring product could be obtained by electron transfer from the corresponding reactant or reduced photocatalyst. The origin of stereoselectivity of the [2+2] reaction is attributed to the reaction mechanism difference under different photocatalysts.     

Visible light-promoted metal-free aerobic oxyphosphorylation of olefins: A facile approach to β-ketophosphine oxides

A metal-free direct aerobic oxyphosphorylation of alkenes with H-phosphine oxides has been developed utilizing visible light photoredox catalysis. A variety of β-ketophosphine oxides have been obtained in good yields from simple olefins under air with inexpensive rhodamine B as the non-metallic photocatalyst. This method provides a mild, green, and practical synthetic approach to valuable β-ketophosphine oxides.     

Enhanced visible light photocatalysis of TiO2 by Co-modification with Eu and Au nanoparticles

TiO₂ photocatalysis has been studied widely in environment protection and energy generation applications. But, the intrinsic absence of visible light response and the high recombination rate of photo-generated charge carriers significantly limited the efficiency of photocatalysis with TiO₂ materials. Herein, a facile approach was constructed to develop visible-light-induced TiO₂ photocatalysis by co-modification with Eu and Au nanoparticles. The synthesized Au/Eu-TiO₂ material was characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM, DRS, XPS, and N₂ adsorption measurements. Visible light catalytic performance of the Au/Eu-TiO₂ catalyst was evaluated by using the photodegradation of RhB as a model reaction. It was shown that this Au/Eu-TiO₂ exhibited a better photocatalytic activity than the single Au modified TiO₂ (Au/TiO₂) or the single Eu modified TiO₂ catalyst (Eu/TiO₂), and also exhibited a good reusability for the targeted reaction. This remarkably improved performance of Au/Eu-TiO₂ could be attributed to the synergetic effect of Eu and Au co-decoration, which not only enhanced visible light absorption but also promoted charge carriers transfers as evidenced by DRS, XPS and transient photocurrent spectra. Moreover, a possible reaction mechanism for the Au/Eu-TiO₂ photocatalysis was proposed.     

可见近红外波段碲镉汞材料光学常数测定与宽谱增透设计

将碲镉汞(Hg_(1-x)Cd_xTe)红外焦平面器件衬底去除后,其响应波段可拓展到可见光波段,在高光谱成像应用中可显著减小系统的尺寸和重量,对光电探测系统的小型化和微型化具有重要实用价值.而明确碲镉汞材料在可见近红外波段的光学常数,对碲镉汞器件在这一响应波段的性能研究具有重要意义.分别测量了不同组分碲镉汞材料的椭圆偏振光谱,拟合得到了其在400~1 600 nm波段范围内的光学常数值,并利用反射光谱对获得的光学常数进行了验证.采用这些碲镉汞外延材料光学常数测量值,并选用Zn S和YF3分别作为高低折射率的增透膜材料,针对不同响应波段的背入射可见近红外碲镉汞焦平面器件,设计了不同的宽谱增透膜系,响应波段范围内的平均透过率高于90%.     

Molecular dynamics modeling in quantum chemical calculations. Optical absorption spectra of 1,3-Dimethyl-1H-Pyrazolo[3,4-b]quinoline derivatives

Paper presents the quantum chemical modeling of the optical absorption spectra of 6-fluoro, 6-bromo, 7-trifluoromethyl, 6-cyano and 6-carboethoxy derivatives of 1,3-Dimethyl-1H-Pyrazolo[3,4-b]quinoline. The calculations are performed by means of the semiempirical quantum chemical methods (AM1 or PM3) in combination with molecular dynamics (MD) simulations at T=300 K. It is shown that a particular rotational dynamics of the methyl, trifluoromethyl or ethyl groups practically does not influence the optical absorption in the spectral range 200-500 nm whereas broadening of absorption bands may be well reproduced within MD simulations including all types of nuclei vibrations. The results of calculations are compared with the measured spectra of optical absorption. The quantum chemical method AM1 in combination with MD simulations gives for all dyes the best agreement between the calculated and measured spectral positions of the first absorption band (absorption threshold).