Enhanced adsorption and visible-light-induced photocatalytic activity of hydroxyapatite modified Ag-TiO2 powders

In order to get a kind of materials with enhanced adsorption and photocatalytic performance, hydroxyapatite modified Ag-TiO₂ powders (Ag-TiO₂-HAP) were prepared by a facile wet chemical strategy. The powders were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), UV-vis absorption spectroscopy, N₂ adsorption-desorption measurement (BET), photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL), etc. The photocatalytic activities were evaluated by photocatalytic oxidation decomposition of acetone in air under visible-light illumination. The results showed that the coupled system indicated a highest photocatalytic activity and photochemical stability under visible-light irradiation than all the other catalysts. The intensively improved visible-light-induced photocatalytic activity of the Ag-TiO₂-HAP hybrids could be attributed to its strong absorption in the visible-light region, low recombination rate of the electron-hole pair and large BET specific surface area.     

Crack-free micromachining on glass substrates by visible LIBWE using liquid metallic absorbers

Laser induced backside wet etching (LIBWE) is a promising laser direct-write technique for etching transparent materials and for producing high precision and near-optical quality surfaces. In this study, visible LIBWE using gallium and eutectic indium/gallium as absorbers was used for crack-free microfabrication of sodalime and quartz. Eutectic indium/gallium (In/Ga) has a melting temperature lower than metallic gallium does and the etching rate by using In/Ga was found to be similar to that by gallium for visible LIBWE. When using the gallium absorber, the etching threshold of quartz by visible LIBWE was about one-third of that by UV LIBWE. The heat-affected zone of the quartz etching was negligible at the trench rim in the visible LIBWE process. The wettability of the metallic absorbers on the substrates affects aspect ratio and is a new important factor for LIBWE. In addition, etching rate decreased when repetition rate was increased.     

UV/VIS Spectrophotometric Studies on the Antileukemic Agent Glyoxal bis(Amidinohydrazone) [‘Glyoxal bis(Guanylhydrazone)’]

Glyoxal bis(amidinohydrazone) (GBG) and several analogs thereof are compounds of considerable pharmacological interest, and a variety of HPLC and MECC methods have been developed for their analysis. In these methods, detection is invariably based on the strong UV absorption of the compound. Yet, almost nothing has been known of their UV and VIS spectral properties. In the present paper the UV and VIS Spectroscopy of GBG has been studied in several solvent systems (water, 0. 03 M aqueous sodium acetate buffer, 0. 1 inM aqueous NaOH and dimethylsulfoxide). In the case of solutions in bare water, the shape of the UV spectrum depends drastically on concentration, probably because of changes in the species distribution of GBG as a function of concentration. The spectrum comprises one maximum at ca. 200 nm, and between ca. 250 nin and 400 nm an absorption region with distinctly higher absorbance. In the case of aqueous sodium acetate as well as NaOH solutions, one strong maximum can be detected (at ca. 285–288 nm and 332–337 nm, respectively). In both cases, the maximum occurs at constant wavelength, being independent of concentration. In dimethylsulfoxide, the spectrum of GBG contains an absorption band at distinctly higher wavelengths (λ_max 354 nm) than in any one of the aqueous solvents studied, indicating that solvent effects are considerable in the UV spectrum of GBG. In no case, distinct absorption could be detected at wavelengths higher than 400 nm. The results indicate that if aqueous media are used as elements in HPLC analyses of bis(amidinohydrazones) or as solvents in direct UV analysis, they must be buffered.     

Sonochemical and visible light induced photochemical and sonophotochemical degradation of dyes catalyzed by recoverable vanadium-containing polyphosphomolybdate immobilized on TiO2 nanoparticles

Na₅PV₂Mo₁₀O₄₀ supported on nanoporous anatase TiO₂ particles, TiO₂–PVMo, was used as an efficient photocatalyst for photocatalytic degradation of different dyes by visible light using oxygen as oxidant. This catalyst showed a good catalytic activity in the sonocatalytic and sonophotocatalytic decomposition of different dyes in aqueous solutions. The TiO₂–PVMo composite showed higher photocatalytic and sonocatalytic activity than pure polyoxometalate or pure TiO₂.     

Visible light induced C-H monofluoroalkylation to synthesize 1,4-unsaturated compound

We developed a method to synthesize fluorinated 1,4-unsaturated dicarbonyl compounds via photoredox catalyzed radical addition process. Commercially available ethyl bromodifluoroacetate (BrCF₂CO₂Et) as fluoroalkyl source, the corresponding fluoro-containing dicarbonyl compounds could be obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Elimination of GeO2 and Ge3N4 interfacial transition regions and defects at n-type Ge interfaces: A pathway for formation of n-MOS devices on Ge substrates

The contribution from relatively low-K SiON interfacial transition regions (ITRs) between Si and transition metal (TM) gate dielectrics places a significant limitation on equivalent oxide thickness (EOT) scaling for Si complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) devices. This limitation is equally significant and limiting for Ge CMOS devices. Low-K Ge-based ITRs in Ge devices have also been shown to limit performance and reliability, particular for n-MOS field effect transistors. This article identifies the source of significant electron trapping at interfaces between n-Ge or inverted p-Ge, and Ge oxide, nitride and oxynitride ITRs. This is shown to be an interfacial band alignment issue in which native Ge ITRs have conduction band offset energies smaller than those of TM dielectrics, and trap electrons for negative Ge substrate bias. This article also describes a novel remote plasma processing approach for effectively eliminating any significant native Ge ITRs and using a plasma-processing/annealing process sequence for bonding TM gate dielectrics directly to the Ge substrate surface.     

Determining the Zn Content of Cherry in Field Using VNIR Spectroscopy

Visible and near-infrared(VNIR)spectroscopy is an eco-friendly method used for estimating plant nutrient deficiencies.The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility of using VNIR method for estimating Zn content in cherry orchard leaves under field conditions.The study was conducted in 3different locations in Isparta region of Turkey.Fifteen cherry orchards containing normal and Zn deficient plants were chosen,and 60 leaf samples were collected from each location.The reflectance spectra of the leaves were measured with an ASD FieldSpec HandHeld spectroradiometer and a plant probe.The Zn contents of leaf samples were predicted through laboratory analysis.The spectral reflectance measurements were used to estimate the Zn levels using stepwise multiple linear regression analysis method.Prediction models were created using the highest coefficient of determination value.The results show that Zn content of cherry trees can be estimated using the VNIR spectroscopic method(87.5相似文献   

阵列式光纤光谱仪的小麦霉变在线检测

小麦是我国战略性储藏粮食品种，但小麦易受霉菌感染而发生霉变，影响其食用安全。加强小麦有害霉菌侵染程度的早期检测是控制其危害的需要措施。然而，现有的平板计数和荧光染色等检测方法，普遍存在前处理繁杂、时效性差等不足。故此，拟运用阵列式光纤光谱仪结合化学计量学方法，建立霉变小麦的实时在线检测方法，并为进一步开发粮食品质与安全在线检测装备提供参考。小麦样品经辐照灭菌后分别接种五种谷物中常见有害霉菌：串珠镰刀菌83227、层出镰刀菌195647、雪腐镰刀菌3.503、寄生曲霉3.3950和赭曲霉3.3486，并置于28 ℃和85%相对湿度环境中储藏7 d以加速霉变。在样品储藏的第0，1，3，5和7 d，运用阵列式光纤光谱仪和漫反射探头在线采集样品的漫反射特征光谱，并依据国标平板计数法测定样品菌落总数水平。光谱采集步骤为：在线检测平台上，设置样品运动速度0.15 m·s-1和光谱仪积分时间20 ms，采集波段为600~1 600 nm，重复测量3次。然后，首先对小麦原始光谱进行平滑、多元散射校正和导数变换等预处理以消除光谱噪音；随后，运用主成分分析(PCA)对受不同霉变程度(储藏阶段)的小麦样品进行区分；最后，利用线性判别分析(LDA)和偏最小二乘回归分析(PLSR)建立小麦有害霉菌侵染程度的定性定量分析模型。小麦在储藏期内经历未霉变、开始霉变和严重霉变三个阶段。原始和二阶微分光谱显示霉菌侵染引起小麦光谱特征发生显著改变，PCA结果表明不同储藏阶段(霉变程度)小麦样品存在一定分离趋势。利用前十个主成分得分建立的LDA判别模型，对不同霉变程度小麦样品的识别率达90.0%以上。结果表明：小麦样品菌落总数的PLSR定量预测模型的预测决定系数(R2_p)为0.859 2，预测均方根误差(RMSEP)为0.401 Log CFU·g-1，相对分析偏差(RPD)达2.65。应用阵列式光纤光谱仪结合计量学方法在线评估小麦霉变具有一定可行性。下一步研究中，应扩大样品量，补充自然霉变及受更多代表性霉菌侵染的小麦样品，以不断增强模型的鲁棒性和方法的适用性。     

Visible light-induced thione-ene cycloaddition reaction for the surface modification of polymeric materials

A feasible method for the surface modification of polymeric materials with LDPE films as model substrates based on visible light-induced thione-ene cycloaddition reaction is proposed.