Multi-frame de-raining algorithm using a motion-compensated non-local mean filter for rainy video sequences

This paper proposes a rain detection and removal algorithm that is robust against camera motion. The proposed algorithm initially detects possible rain streaks by using spatial properties, such as the luminance and structure of rain streaks. Then, the rain streak candidates are selected based on a Gaussian distribution model. Finally, these detected regions are improved with an advanced temporal property in a block-matching process. After the rain detection step, a non-rain block-matching algorithm for each block is performed between adjacent frames to find blocks similar to the block that has rain pixels. If similar blocks are obtained, the rain region of the block is reconstructed by spatio-temporal non-local mean filtering using similar neighboring regions. Finally, a specific post-processing is performed for visibility enhancement and flickering artifact removal. Experiment results show that the proposed algorithm uses only five temporally adjacent frames for rain removal but outperforms previous methods in terms of subjective visual quality.     

A polygon is determined by its angles

We study the problem of reconstructing a simple polygon from angles measured at the vertices of the polygon. We assume that at each vertex v a sensing device returns a list of angles α₁,α₂,…, where αi is the angle between the i-th and the (i+1)-th vertices visible to v in counterclockwise (ccw) order starting with the ccw neighbor of v along the boundary. We prove that the angle measurements at all vertices of a simple polygon together with the order of the vertices along the boundary uniquely determine the polygon (up to similarity). In addition, we give an algorithm for reconstructing the polygon from this information in polynomial time.     

Finite Sets as Complements of Finite Unions of Convex Sets

Suppose S?? ^d is a set of (finite) cardinality n, whose complement can be written as the union of k convex sets. It is perhaps intuitively appealing that when n is large k must also be large. This is true, as is shown here. First the case in which the convex sets must also be open is considered, and in this case a family of examples yields an upper bound, while a simple application of a theorem of Björner and Kalai yields a lower bound. Much cruder estimates are then obtained when the openness restriction is dropped. For a given set S the problem of determining the smallest number of convex sets whose union is ? ^d ?S is shown to be equivalent to the problem of finding the chromatic number of a certain (infinite) hypergraph ? _S . We consider the graph \(\mathcal {G}_{S}\) whose edges are the 2-element edges of ? _S , and we show that, when d=2, for any sufficiently large set S, the chromatic number of \(\mathcal{G}_{S}\) will be large, even though there exist arbitrarily large finite sets S for which \(\mathcal{G}_{S}\) does not contain large cliques.     

前向散射能见度仪测量误差的理论分析

前向散射能见度仪(FSVM)是测量能见度的主要仪器.从测量原理和散射理论出发,推导出了FSVM的探测方程,以此为基础,采用模拟计算与统计分析相结合的方法,分析了由于气溶胶性质不确定性和仪器光电机技术性能变化两方面引起的FSVM的8类误差源及其不确定度值.结果及分析表明:现有技术条件下仅考虑光电机性能不确定性而引起的能见度相对不确定度为4%;气溶胶性质不同而引起的相函数变化以及忽略吸收效应是FSVM的主要误差源,考虑到气溶胶性质的不确定性,能见度相对不确定度可达28%;若能识别出气溶胶性质,对于单一的雾、乡村型气溶胶和城市型气溶胶,能见度相对不确定度分别为7%、9%和18%;相函数对散射角的变化比较敏感,由于运输、架设和使用过程会对散射角产生相当的影响,必须对散射角进行校准.研究结果对FSVM的使用、改进和校准提供了理论支持.     

Simulation of pedestrian evacuation strategies under limited visibility

Evacuation process under limited visibility is different from that under good visibility. To investigate the evacuation efficiency under limited visibility, different evacuation strategies including walking along the wall (S1), following the average movement direction (S2) and following the average position (S3) are proposed in this paper. Performances of these strategies under different visibilities, densities and exit widths are compared based on a revised social force model. Simulation results show that strategy S1 is more effective at low densities while strategy S2 and S3 are more efficient at high densities. It is noted that strategy S2 outperforms S3 under the same condition. In addition, strategy S1 is not sensitive to the change of exit width due to the movement mode of walking along the wall, while the following strategies (S2 and S3) have a better performance under the wide exit condition. The evacuation time for different proportions of pedestrians adopting one strategy in the mixed strategy situation is investigated and the optimal mixture proportion is also discussed. This study provides a new insight into the effect of different evacuation strategies on pedestrian evacuation, which is helpful for evacuees or organizers of public events to make an efficient evacuation plan under limited visibility.     

车载式激光雷达测量大气水平能见度

 激光雷达作为一种新型的大气观测工具,可以通过直接探测激光与大气相互作用的光辐射信号来定量地反演大气水平能见度,更好地反映大气对传输于其中激光的衰减作用,从而成为测量大气水平能见度的主要手段。简单介绍了自行研制的国内首台车载式拉曼-米(Raman-Mie)散射激光雷达的结构和技术参数,并利用斜率法从激光雷达的采集数据中反演出大气水平能见度。通过实际观测并与美国Belfort能见度仪的对比试验,显示该激光雷达在探测大气水平能见度方面具有较高的可靠性和准确性,其测量误差小于20 %。     

利用前向散射实现的双光路能见度激光测量系统

文中介绍的能见度测量系统 ,通过测量 0 .81μm激光光束在前向 30°方向的散射能及在直射方向的透射能 ,计算大气的散射系数 ,测量了能见度。该系统包括光学发射与接收、信号放大与处理及结果显示三部分。光学发射与接收部分主要由半导体激光器、准直镜、扩束镜、接收镜、截止滤光片、窄带干涉滤光片、PIN光电管等组成 ;信号放大与处理部分主要由电压跟随放大电路、采样保持电路、多路模拟开关电路、模 数转换电路、80 31单片机等组成 ;结果显示部分主要由显示器、打印设备、输出端口等组成。简述了该系统的工作原理及基本结构 ,对测量的稳定性、测量精度以及光、电干扰的抑制等技术难点进行了讨论 ,并给出相应的解决方案     

小型Mie散射激光雷达信号校准及能见度测量

详细介绍了小型Mie散射激光雷达近场信号的校准方法;数值模拟了理想情况下的平行光轴以及实际中光轴失调情况下的几何重叠因子,并对光轴失调的原因和影响进行了讨论;同时还介绍了利用多项式拟合确定几何重叠因子的实验方法,这种方法无需假设大气水平均匀.尝试利用Fernald迭代算法确定水平大气的消光系数,并与Vaisala能见度仪和AethalometerTM黑炭仪的测量结果进行了对比,具有很好的相关性,从而证明了上述方法的可靠性.     

基于数字摄像的测量观测系统设计

在大气能见度观测中,相关研究多集中于白天观测,夜间观测的研究比较少见,而对于昼夜连续观测的研究更是鲜有报道。目前,国内外尚没有完全按照能见度定义研制的大气能见度自动观测仪出现。针对这一问题,基于CCD数字摄像技术,模拟人工观测光学原理,提出了一种能够昼夜进行大气能见度连续观测的方法。该方法基于对目标物获得能见度计算公式,并针对昼夜模式下的系统参数进行修正,能够有效消除外在环境因素和相机自身系统内部因素引发的观测误差。为验证算法的有效性,针对天空遮挡、半遮挡和空旷等不同情况(不同情况,会影响观测环境的亮度,以此测试系统对杂散光的抵抗能力,以及对不同环境的适应能力),搭建了基于该方法的3套原理样机。利用搭建的数字摄像能见度仪(DPVS)在北京地区进行了实际的大气能见度分钟级观测。观测实验表明,基于该方法构建的观测系统,不但具有较宽的观测范围,而且能够有效适应各类复杂天气情况,在雨雪霾等不同天气下,均有较好的观测效果,且无论是在能见度变化较快或者较为缓慢的情况下,DPVS系统均能够进行快速正确的响应。而透过DPVS与散射仪和透射仪这两种标准观测仪器观测结果的对比分析发现,DPVS与前两者的观...