基于反馈的自适应参考帧选择的率失真优化分析

为了提高数字视频实时传输的容差能力,该文提出了一种基于反馈的自适应参考帧选择方法。在传统参考帧选择优点的基础上,设计了一种新的通过率失真技术优化选择参考帧的帧间帧预测结构,分析了选择不同参考帧编码时的编码码率以及它对编码失真的影响。引入了信道代价均值的概念,探讨了信道误差的扩散过程及其对信道失真的影响。在联合信源和信道的率失真优化框架内,选择使得率失真代价最小的候选参考帧作为当前帧编码的参考帧,有效地改善了视频传输质量,并减少了编/解码器所需缓存的参考帧。仿真实验显示自适应参考帧选择的PSNR性能在不同码率和丢包率下均优于经典的ACK和NACK参考帧选择方法。     

基于双核的视频智能消防水炮设计

随着大空间公共建筑越来越多,传统的喷洒水灭火已满足不了需求,这些场所的消防安全也显得日益突出。针对现有自动消防炮灭火装置存在大多采用红外传感器作为火源探测元件,易受环境气流影响,导致灭火准确性降低。为此,采用红外视频探测方式,基于双核处理方式实现视频智能消防水炮。着重介绍了视频智能消防水炮工作原理,进行硬件电路结构设计和软件设计,并提出射流分段补偿方法。试验结果表明,所研制的水炮基于视频识别火源跟踪定位和射流分段补偿方法,提高了灭火定位的准确性;基于双核的工作方式,保证了水炮检测火源时效性。该水炮既能满足大空间场所设计要求,同时又能满足国标要求,为大空间场所和野外灭火提供了新的灭火设备选择。     

基质固相分散-气相色谱法-双柱双电子捕获检测器测定土壤中19种有机氯农药的含量

将采集的土壤样品混匀并除去混入的异物,置于冷冻干燥机中脱水后研磨混匀,封存于干燥器中备用。取此样品20.00g,与硅藻土3.00g和硅镁吸附剂3.00g掺拌均匀。在加速溶剂萃取(ASE)仪的萃取池的底部铺垫硅镁吸附剂3.00g,将上述样品混合物定量移入于此池中,于其上面铺盖一层石英砂和加盖一张滤纸片。按设定条件以体积比为1∶1的二氯甲烷-正己烷混合溶液作为萃取溶剂,在90℃萃取2次。将所得萃取液合并并吹氮浓缩至体积小于1mL,加正己烷定容至1.0mL。此溶液作为试液进行气相色谱分析,测定其中19种有机氯农药(OCPs)的含量。色谱分析中,进样量为1.0μL,选择HP-5LTM和DB 1701LTM两种极性不同的色谱柱,按程序升温条件对目标物进行分离。采用双电子捕获检测器(ECD),前ECD接在HP-5LTM色谱柱后,后ECD接在DB 1701LTM色谱柱后,经两种色谱柱分离,测定所制得标准曲线的线性范围均有两个相同的区段,即5~100μg·L-1和100~1 000μg·L^-1。19种OCPs的检出限(3.143s)为0.15~0.56μg·kg^-1。如果目标物在两种色谱柱上的测定结果差异大于5倍,则判定此结果为假阳性;如差异小于5倍,则确定该化合物存在,并以数值较小者为测定结果。精密度试验测得目标物测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)为2.7%~15%。用本方法分析了土壤标准物质(CRM818-50G),所测得19种OCPs的结果均在认定值范围内。     

Determination of dimetridazole and metronidazole in poultry and porcine tissues by gas chromatography-electron capture negative ionization mass spectrometry

A sensitive and selective method using gas chromatography-electron capture negative ionization mass spectrometry (GC-ECNI-MS) for analysis of dimetridazole (DMZ) and metronidazole (MNZ) in poultry muscles, porcine kidney and liver, and chicken liver, was developed and validated for the purpose of food surveillance testing of the residues of these two nitroimidazoles in various types of animal tissues in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. Before homogenization and extraction with toluene, [2H₃]dimetridazole-(DMZ-d³) and secnidazole (SNZ) were added to tissue samples as internal standards. The organic extracts were mixed with n-hexane and subject to solid-phase extraction cleanup by amine extraction columns. MNZ and SNZ were derivatized with BSA prior to GC-ECNI-MS determination. Good recovery and precision were obtained and the limit of detection was below parts per billion levels for poultry and porcine tissues. The method could also be applied for the detection of the hydroxylated metabolite of DMZ.     

振动纤维捕集颗粒的格子Boltzmann模拟

采用格子Boltzmann方法对振动纤维捕集颗粒进行数值研究.纤维附近采用多块网格加细技术计算,颗粒采用Lagrange跟踪方法模拟.研究雷诺数为200的流向振动纤维绕流的AⅡ、AⅢ、AIV、S四种涡结构下的亚微米煤粉颗粒的捕集问题.结果表明纤维的流向强迫振动能够显著提高颗粒的捕集效率.且迎风面的捕集效率提升不大,背风面的提升则更为显著.颗粒撞击角度的统计反映了背风面捕集效率提升的细节.另外流动处于AⅢ模态时,每个周期内脱落两个正涡一个负涡,被捕集颗粒的初始位置分布不对称.而其它模态基本关于流场中心对称.     

Application of Fe2O3/Al2O3 Composite Particles as Oxygen Carrier of Chemical Looping Combustion

Chemical looping combustion (CLC) of carbonaceous compounds has been proposed, in the past decade, as an efficient method for CO2 capture without cost of extra energy penalties. The technique involves the use of a metal oxide as an oxygen carrier that transfers oxygen from combustion air to fuels. The combustion is carried out in a two-step process: in the fuel reactor, the fuel is oxidized by a metal oxide, and in the air reactor, the reduced metal is oxidized back to the original phase. The use of iron oxide as an oxygen carrier has been investigated in this article. Particles composed of 80 wt% Fe2O3, together with Al2O3 as binder, have been prepared by impregnation methods. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis reveals that Fe2O3 does not interact with the Al2O3 binder after multi-cycles. The reactivity of the oxygen carrier particles has been studied in twenty-cycle reduction-oxidation tests in a thermal gravimetrical analysis (TGA) reactor. The components in the outlet gas have been analyzed. It has been observed that about 85% of CH4 converted to CO2 and H2O during most of the reduction periods. The oxygen carrier has kept quite a high reactivity in the twenty-cycle reactions. In the first twenty reaction cycles, the reaction rates became slightly higher with the number of cyclic reactions increasing, which was confirmed by the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) test results. The SEM analysis revealed that the pore size inside the particle had been enlarged by the thermal stress during the reaction, which was favorable for diffusion of the gaseous reactants into the particles. The experimental results suggested that the Fe2O3/Al2O3 oxygen carrier was a promising candidate for a CLC system.     

Search for Cold Dark Matter and Solar Neutrinos with GENIUS and GENIUS-TF

The new project GENIUS will cover a wide range of the parameter space of predictions of SUSY for neutralinos as cold dark matter. Further it has the potential to be a real-time detector for low-energy (pp and ⁷Be) solar neutrinos. A GENIUS Test Facility has been funded and will come into operation by early 2003.     

Mode dependent loop filter for intra prediction coding in H.264/AVC

In this paper, a high performance and low complexity loop filter is proposed for intra prediction coding. Although the deblocking loop filter (DLF) has achieved outstanding performance on suppressing quantization noise, it also induces details information loss because of the smoothing operation. To achieve better restoration performance, we propose a filter set named mode dependent loop filter (MDLF) which adaptively select the filter coefficients according to various local characteristics. In the homogeneous areas, the task of the filter emphasizes on smoothing the noise. In the heterogeneous areas, the proposed filter concentrates on preserving the details. Based on the spatial correlation assumption and statistical analysis, the intra mode combination is used to classify the training samples with different local characteristics. Then the classical least mean square error framework is employed to solve the coefficients for the proposed filter set. In this way, a more efficient adaptive loop filter scheme can be achieved for specific intra mode combination. Experiment results show that the proposed loop filter achieves superior coding gains compared to the H.264/AVC High Profile. Furthermore, relative to QALF+DLF, a comparable performance also can be achieved by the proposed MDLF with far less complexity increase.     

Automatic alignment of infrared video frames for equipment leak detection

Petroleum refining and petrochemical industries start using infrared (IR) cameras to detect volatile organic compounds (VOC) leaking out of process equipment. However, further quantitative processing of these video image data or automatic recognition of VOC plumes are hindered by unaligned video frames owing to the slight vibrations of the camera. An automatic method is developed to align the IR video frames as a preprocessing procedure for other possible video processing methods. The alignment method is based on a two-dimensional spatial Fourier transform. The accuracy can reach fractional pixels in estimation of translational shift and 1-2° for rotational shift. Temporal Fourier transform of actual industrial tests of IR videos is performed with both unaligned and aligned video frames. The results indicate that only after the alignment of the video frames, the camera motion interferences on VOC plume identification can be eliminated or minimized, and the VOC plume can be identified through investigating the characteristic flickering frequency power in the temporal Fourier transform. This alignment method provides a useful tool for IR or other optical video image data preprocessing purposes.     

K-forbidden allowed $ \beta$ transitions in heavy nuclei

The role of the band quantum number K in influencing the character of allowed transitions in heavy deformed nuclei is examined. The conditions for the occurrence of K -forbidden decays in this region are explored. Specific cases of “allowed” decays proceeding via K = 2 to K = 6 channels are presented to illustrate the phenomenon. The listed K = 2 transitions, which by themselves contribute over 10% of all the presently known allowed transitions for A 228 nuclei, are seen to have an average , which is clearly outside the normal range for allowed transitions. It is concluded that, wherever the -connected states can be confidently labelled using the quantum numbers, the K -forbiddenness is in general as significant as that involving the other two (spin and parity) quantum numbers.