预估型氨法脱硫控制系统研究

燃煤发电系统中氨法脱硫控制系统具有时变、大延时、大惯性的特点。针对典型的大延迟系统,文中提出基于Smith预估器的脱硫控制系统,通过抵消系统被控对象中的纯滞后环节来提高系统的实时性。Smith预估器依赖准确的PID模型,系统中PID参数整定仍存在不确定性。利用SOA算法对PID参数进行整定,将绝对误差积分ITAE作为适应度函数,通过对适应度值的不断寻优,找到最佳的比例积分微分系数组合。仿真结果表明,相较于Smith预估器控制下的脱硫系统,基于SOA的Smith预估PID控制系统跟随性好且反应迅速,调节时间缩小为原来的9%,峰值时间缩小为原来的5%,具有较小的超调量,系统的实时性和稳定性得到保证。上述结果证明该算法对工程控制系统有效,并具有良好的应用前景。     

孪生网络框架下融合显著性和干扰在线学习的航拍目标跟踪算法

针对一般跟踪算法不能很好地解决航拍视频下目标分辨率低、视场大、视角变化多等特殊难点,该文提出一种融合目标显著性和在线学习干扰因子的无人机(UAV)跟踪算法.通用模型预训练的深层特征无法有效地识别航拍目标,该文跟踪算法能根据反向传播梯度识别每个卷积滤波器的重要性来更好地选择目标显著性特征,以此凸显航拍目标特性.另外充分利用连续视频丰富的上下文信息,通过引导目标外观模型与当前帧尽可能相似地来在线学习动态目标的干扰因子,从而实现可靠的自适应匹配跟踪.实验证明:该算法在跟踪难点更多的UAV123数据集上跟踪成功率和准确率分别比孪生网络基准算法高5.3%和3.6%,同时速度达到平均28.7帧/s,基本满足航拍目标跟踪准确性和实时性需求.     

基于深度学习的ViSAR多运动目标检测

视频合成孔径雷达(ViSAR)在地面动目标检测和感兴趣区域(ROI)的动态监测方面具有巨大的潜力。对地面运动目标的检测与跟踪一直是ViSAR的研究热点。针对现有基于深度学习的ViSAR动目标检测方法存在的依赖预训练模型,模型迁移难等问题,本文提出了一种基于深度学习与多目标跟踪(MOT)算法的ViSAR动目标阴影检测方法。该方法首先设计了一种从零开始深度学习的网络模型,实现动目标阴影的单帧检测。为了提高检测性能的鲁棒性,采用了基于卡尔曼滤波和逐帧数据关联的多目标跟踪算法跟踪动目标。实测数据处理结果表明该方法具有良好的检测性能。     

Capillary electrophoresis determinative and GC-MS confirmatory method for water-soluble organic acids in airborne particulate matter and vehicle emission

Urban fine airborne particulate matter (PM2.5) and vehicle emission samples were studied for water-soluble low-molecular-weight carboxylic acids using CE with indirect UV detection. Further identification of these acids was achieved using GC-MS as their butyl esters (after derivatization with BF3/butanol). Several dicarboxylic acids in the range C2-C10 including straight-chain, branched-chain, cis- and trans-unsaturated, and aromatic acids were confirmed by GC-MS. In addition, aromatic acids such as benzoate, phthalate, terephthalate, isophthalate, and 4-methylphtalate were present in such samples, but some of these were not well resolved by the used CE method. Oxocarboxylic acids (Cn(w) with n > 4) were also identified by GC-MS but not determined by CE due to lack of standards. The rapidity and simplicity of the CE method were clearly demonstrated, and the method was observed to be advantageous for routine monitoring of water-soluble organic acids in airborne PM2.5 and vehicle emission at low microg/L levels.     

载波快速捕获与跟踪的双数字锁频环路无缝切换

锁频环广泛应用于载波频率快速同步的场合,为解决大捕获范围和跟踪精度之间的矛盾,通常捕获和跟踪状态时采用带宽不同的频率锁定环路,并根据载波同步情况进行切换.对这种硬切换所导致的跟踪环路的收敛过程、瞬态时间进行分析,并基于二阶锁频环与卡尔曼滤波等效结构,应用卡尔曼滤波算法进行两种状态之间环路增益时变的无缝切换.推导出高动态数字直扩接收机差积鉴频二阶锁频环路无缝切换控制增益,两种切换方式的仿真结果表明无缝切换的效果优于传统的硬切换方式.     

GPS接收机中的码分多址信号处理研究

介绍了基于码分多址信号处理的GPS(全球定位系统)接收机的算法和电路设计。GPS接收机电路的信号处理任务主要是对数字化后的基带扩频信号进行载波跟踪、解调、解扩、码跟踪,从而得到符号数据。着重讨论了GPS接收机中信号处理部分的COSTAS、码跟踪、帧同步生成电路三大模块的功能任务、原理、算法及其相应的电路设计。通过这些研究工作,可以进一步设计出当前应用日益普遍的GPS接收机电路,该电路具有功能全面、通用性好、可靠性高等特点。     

The intersection marker method for 3D interface tracking of deformable surfaces in finite volumes

Currently, the majority of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) codes use the finite volume method to spatially discretise the computational domain, sometimes as an array of cubic control volumes. The Finite volume method works well with single‐phase flow simulations, but two‐phase flow simulations are more challenging because of the need to track the surface interface traversing and deforming within the 3D grid. Surface area and volume fraction details of each interface cell must be accurately accounted for, in order to calculate for the momentum exchange and rates of heat and mass transfer across the interface. To attain a higher accuracy in two‐phase flow CFD calculations, the intersection marker (ISM) method is developed. The ISM method is a hybrid Lagrangian–Eulerian front‐tracking algorithm that can model an arbitrary 3D surface within an array of cubic control volumes. The ISM method has a cell‐by‐cell remeshing capability that is volume conservative and is suitable for the tracking of complex interface deformation in transient two‐phase CFD simulations. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

考虑运动受限的履带式移动机器人轨迹跟踪控制

针对履带式移动机器人的轨迹跟踪控制问题进行研究,首先,建立了履带式移动机器人的运动学模型和跟踪误差模型；其次,设计了转速有限时间控制和线速度滑模控制的轨迹跟踪控制律,并给出了考虑运动受限作用下的控制律修正表达式；最后,基于MATLAB对所提控制律进行仿真,对比分析了不考虑运动受限情况下跟踪控制效果;结果表明,设计的跟踪控制律能够实现履带式移动机器人对圆轨迹的有效跟踪,且考虑运动受限作用的控制律更加符合实际;文章研究分析了运动受限作用对于移动机器人轨迹跟踪控制的影响,分析结果对其他移动机器人的运动控制研究具有参考价值。