Demystifying terms for understanding bioelectrochemical systems towards sustainable wastewater treatment

Bioelectrochemical systems (BESs) have been intensively studied in the past decade, but precise understanding of BESs performance is hindered by unclear definition of several key parameters. Herein, we analyze and discuss three sets of terms about conversion efficiency, energy performance, and pilot scale. It is suggested that ‘Coulombic recovery’ can avoid the misleading results because of different organic removals, compared with ‘Coulombic efficiency.’ Power density is not a suitable term to describe energy performance of BESs, and energy production/consumption should be reported in the energy unit such as kWh. Pilot-scale BESs should meet several criteria, including hydraulic capacity, use of actual wastewater, non-laboratory condition, and long-term operation. Proper use of those terms is strongly encouraged and will be critically important to BESs research and development.     

Model-Based Optimization of a Fed-Batch Bioreactor for mAb Production Using a Hybridoma Cell Culture

Production of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) is a well-known method used to synthesize a large number of identical antibodies, which are molecules of huge importance in medicine. Due to such reasons, intense efforts have been invested to maximize the mAbs production in bioreactors with hybridoma cell cultures. However, the optimal control of such sensitive bioreactors is an engineering problem difficult to solve due to the large number of state-variables with highly nonlinear dynamics, which often translates into a non-convex optimization problem that involves a significant number of decision (control) variables. Based on an adequate kinetic model adopted from the literature, this paper focuses on developing an in-silico (model-based, offline) numerical analysis of a fed-batch bioreactor (FBR) with an immobilized hybridoma culture to determine its optimal feeding policy by considering a small number of control variables, thus ensuring maximization of mAbs production. The obtained time stepwise optimal feeding policies of FBR were proven to obtain better performances than those of simple batch operation (BR) for all the verified alternatives in terms of raw material consumption and mAbs productivity. Several elements of novelty (i–iv) are pointed out in the “conclusions” section (e.g., considering the continuously added biomass as a control variable during FBR).     

板式换热器的污堵与清洗及其对能耗的影响

文中从实际应用角度,叙述了板式换热器的特点和基本工作原理,讨论了换热器工作过程中的热阻问题,分析了换热器污堵后对换热性能的影响因素,并探索了解决污堵问题的方法。最后以数据统计的形式,描述换热器污堵和清洗与能耗的关系。实践证明,定期对换热器进行清洗是确保换热器工作性能正常和降低能耗最有效的方法。     

SMDP-based sleep policy for base stations in heterogeneous cellular networks

A dense heterogeneous cellular network can effectively increase the system capacity and enhance the network coverage. It is a key technology for the new generation of the mobile communication system. The dense deployment of small base stations not only improves the quality of network service, but also brings about a significant increase in network energy consumption. This paper mainly studies the energy efficiency optimization of the Macro-Femto heterogeneous cellular network. Considering the dynamic random changes of the access users in the network, the sleep process of the Femto Base Stations (FBSs) is modeled as a Semi-Markov Decision Process (SMDP) model in order to save the network energy consumption. And further, this paper gives the dynamic sleep algorithm of the FBS based on the value iteration. The simulation results show that the proposed SMDP-based adaptive sleep strategy of the FBS can effectively reduce the network energy consumption.     

航天器低功耗电源控制器测控单元设计

本文针对航天器电源控制器智能化、低功耗等方面的设计需求,对电源控制器遥测遥控接口单元采用智能化控制设计,依托微处理器内部软件来执行电源系统全任务周期的控制和管理,提高电源系统的效率、可靠性、自主管理能力,并降低系统的静态功耗.     

一种高性能二阶荷控忆阻器电路设计与验证

当前忆阻器等效电路中的传统运算放大器存在功耗高、噪声大等问题。针对这些问题,基于简化差分对设计了两种极简化的运算放大器。通过电路仿真对两种简化运算放大器与传统运算放大器进行功耗与噪声仿真分析。结果表明,与三种传统运算放大器相比,该简化运算放大器的功耗最低,抗噪声性能最优。运算放大器的总功耗为15 mW,等效输出噪声电压为11.55 nV·Hz^-1/2,噪声系数为35.873 dB。基于两种简化运算放大器,设计了一种二阶荷控忆阻器等效电路。通过理论分析、电路仿真和硬件电路板基实验,对该等效电路的忆阻特性进行了分析与验证。     

纳米ZnO的阳极消耗法制备和表征

采用阳极消耗法制备了纳米ZnO粉体,并利用XRD,TEM,XPS,UV-V is和PL测试技术对样品进行了表征.结果表明,所制样品为纤锌矿结构的纳米ZnO,颗粒呈类球形,平均粒径15 nm,具有很强的紫外吸收能力.位于531.44 eV的O1 s峰和PL谱上的绿带共同证明了氧空位存在,纳米ZnO的绿光发射带来自氧空位电子与价带空穴的辐射复合.     

无源唤醒模式的远距离无线收发系统低功耗设计

从电源管理上提出了一种新型节省功耗的方法,根据近距离的passive tag和远距离的有源唤醒收发工作原理,设计了超微功耗无源唤醒的远距离收发系统.     

CDMA网络快速寻呼信道的性能分析

快速寻呼信道作为CDMA2000-1X的关键技术之一,可以在一定程度上减少移动台的功耗,提高移动台的待机时间.文中介绍了快速寻呼信道技术的基本原理、信道性能参数配置、移动台功耗同信道资源间的平衡策略等,最后给出了使用该技术后的移动台功耗测试结果.     

基于S域RLC传输线模型的多芯片组件互连功耗计算

为了分析多芯片组件的互连功耗,用RLC传输线模型对多芯片组件的互连进行表征,通过对输入互连的电流及其等效电阻的近似,推导出多芯片组件互连功耗的频域数学表达式,给出计算机仿真试验结果,对方法的有效性进行验证.