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《Magnetic resonance in chemistry : MRC》2003,41(9):660-670
Reduced forms of iso‐α‐acids (isohumulones), used in modern beer brewing were separated and characterized by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. Components from mixtures of rho‐iso‐α‐acids, tetrahydro‐iso‐α‐acids, and hexahydro‐iso‐α‐acids were isolated using high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and analyzed by use of one‐ and two‐dimensional NMR experiments. The data presented assign the identities of the main peaks in the HPLC traces for the reduced iso‐α‐acids. Previous tentative assignments regarding the cis and trans configurations and the structures of the acyl residues of the reduced iso‐α‐acids were confirmed and extensive NMR assignments were made. Furthermore, the previously unknown stereochemistry in the C‐4 side‐chain of the rho‐ and hexahydro‐iso‐α‐acids was assigned. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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本文采用高压X光衍射方法在金刚石对顶压砧中在位地(in situ)研究了Fe68Co24Ni8(wt%)合金在室温下的压致bcc→hcp结构相变和直到40.5 GPa的等温压缩行为。实验结果表明该合金在常压下为bcc结构,晶格常数a0=(0.287 0±0.000 1) nm,体积V0=(7.119±0.007) cm3/mol,密度ρ0=(7.981±0.008) g/cm3;在20.9 GPa附近出现bcc→hcp结构相变,两相共存压力区约10 GPa,在此区域内有晶面间距d(002)hcp=d(110)bcc,且原子平面(002)hcp//(110)bcc,hcp相比bcc相体积减小(0.33±0.02) cm3/mol;高压相hcp结构的晶格参数比值c/a=1.608±0.004;相变后原子配位数的增加使得hcp相(002)平面内及(002)平面间的最近邻原子间距比bcc相最近邻原子间距分别增大约1.6%和0.5%;用Murnaghan状态方程对实验数据进行最小二乘法拟合,得到bcc相B0=(130±13) GPa,B0'=12.6±0.5;hcp相V0=(6.62±0.04) cm3/mol,B0=(243±21) GPa,B0'=6.8±0.3;对于该合金的bcc→fcp相变时的结构转变机制做了详细的讨论。 相似文献
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Marcus T. Schmitz Bashir M. Al-Hashimi Petru Eles 《Design Automation for Embedded Systems》2002,6(4):401-424
In this paper, we introduce the LOPOCOS (Low Power Co-synthesis) system, a prototype CAD tool for system level co-design. LOPOCOS targets the design of energy-efficient embedded systems implemented as heterogeneous distributed architectures. In particular, it is designed to solve the specific problems involved in architectures that include dynamic voltage scalable (DVS) processors. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate how LOPOCOS can support the system designer in identifying energy-efficient hardware/software implementations for the desired embedded systems. Hence, highlighting the necessary optimization steps during design space exploration for DVS enable architectures. The optimization steps carried out in LOPOCOS involve component allocation and task/communication mapping as well as scheduling and dynamic voltage scaling. LOPOCOS has the following key features, which contribute to this energy efficiency. During the voltage scaling valuable power profile information of task execution is taken into account, hence, the accuracy of the energy estimation is improved. A combined optimization for scheduling and communication mapping based on genetic algorithm, optimizes simultaneously execution order and communication mapping towards the utilization of the DVS processors and timing behaviour. Furthermore, a separation of task and communication mapping allows a more effective implementation of both task and communication mapping optimizationsteps. Extensive experiments are conducted to demonstrate the efficiency of LOPOCOS. We report up to 38% higher energy reductions compared to previous co-synthesis techniques for DVS systems. The investigations include a real-life example of an optical flow detection algorithm. 相似文献
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N. S. Oliveira J. Dorgan J. A. P. Coutinho A. Ferreira J. L. Daridon I. M. Marrucho 《Journal of Polymer Science.Polymer Physics》2007,45(5):616-625
The sorption of carbon dioxide in glassy Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) films was studied by quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) at high pressures. Two thermal treatments, melted and quenched, were performed in PLA with two different L:D contents, 80:20 and 98:2, films and compared with a third thermal protocol, annealed, and used in a previous work. The results obtained show that for pressures higher than 2 MPa, the carbon dioxide solubility is larger in PLA 80:20 than in PLA 98:2, indicating that the L:D plays a dominant role on this property. The thermal treatments only affect the gas solubility in PLA 98:2. Sorption isotherms at temperatures 303, 313, and 323 K, below the glass transition temperature of the polymer, and pressures up to 5 MPa were measured and analyzed with three different models, the dual‐mode sorption model, the Flory–Huggins equation, and a modified dual‐mode sorption model where the Henry's law term was substituted by the Flory–Huggins equation. This last model performs especially well for CO2 in PLA 80:20, due to the convex upward curvature of the solubility isotherms for that system. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 45: 616–625, 2007 相似文献