法兰螺栓松动的超声导波监测方法

管道在工程中应用较广,法兰螺栓是管道连接的主要方式,但螺栓连接松动导致泄漏等直接影响管道服役的可靠性,对螺栓松动进行监测是提高法兰螺栓连接可靠性的有效方法。该文提出利用透射过连接螺栓的超声导波信号均方根偏差作为拧紧指标,以进行螺栓松动监测,并开展了数值仿真和实验验证。结果表明,随着螺栓整体预紧力的下降,压电片响应信号幅值随之减小,在1个或2个螺栓松动时,与松动螺栓距离最近的压电片响应信号最敏感,对应的均方根偏差值最大;同时,随着松动螺栓数目及位置的变化,接收压电片阵列的均方根偏差值及其分布会发生相应变化。该文提出的方法可实现螺栓松动监测,并可初步判断松动螺栓的方位。     

Growth morphology of perfect and twinned face-centered-cubic crystals by Monte Carlo simulation

The effect of the relative growth rate between {1 1 1} and {1 0 0} faces on the growth morphology of perfect and twinned face-centered-cubic crystals was investigated with a Monte Carlo simulation considering both first-nearest-neighbor (FNN) and second-nearest-neighbor (SNN) interactions. When the bond energy ratio of SNN to FNN interactions is close to zero, the {1 1 1} twin planes make a reentrant edge, which enhances the growth rate on this plane, leading to a tabular growth shape. When the ratio is 0.25, the ridge side face of a tabular shape has the {1 0 0}/{1 0 0}/{1 1 1} structure instead of the {1 1 1}/{1 1 1} reentrant edge. In spite of disappearance of the reentrant edge, the side face has a higher growth rate than the top face because the {1 0 0} face still grows faster than the {1 1 1} face.     

基于退化量分布的高量程MEMS加速度计的可靠性评估

高量程MEMS微加速度计主要应用于航空、航天及军工等高可靠性要求的惯导领域。为了更好进行微加速度计的可靠性寿命预测,提出一种基于退化量分布,以实验数据拟合推导出分布模型参数的变化关系从而更加准确的评估微加速度计的可靠性寿命。实验研究结论表明采用新的评估方法能够获得更准确的微加速度计可靠性预测。     

厚壁管道周向压电Lamb波缺陷图像增强研究

为解决厚壁管道周向压电Lamb波缺陷检测中非平稳信号引起的低信噪比和分辨率问题,利用相位相干成像算法(PCI)从Lamb波信号中提取相位信息构建相位相干因子,通过动态加权处理放大相位分布对超声图像像素幅值的贡献。一方面,该方法保留相位分布一致的缺陷回波幅值,增强缺陷信噪比。另一方面,该方法能通过增强孔径波束指向性,提高后处理图像的虚拟聚焦效果及横向分辨力。通过对外径269 mm、壁厚32 mm的带有20 mm横向裂纹缺陷的厚壁管道进行了探伤检测,对得到的信号进行图像重建。结果表明,PCI的信噪比为25.2 dB,较原始B扫描图像提高了15.6 dB,半波高水平宽度由47.3 mm缩小到22.4 mm,提升了横向分辨率,提高了对缺陷的识别度。     

Accelerated precomputation points–based scalar reduction on elliptic curve cryptography for wireless sensor networks

Sensor devices are limited resource power and energy, thus providing security services for sensor networks is very difficult. Elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) is one of the most famous asymmetric cryptographic schemes, which offers the same level of security with much shorter keys compared to the other widely used asymmetric cryptographic algorithm, RSA (Rivest, Shamir, and Adleman). In ECC, the main and most‐heavily used operation is the scalar multiplication kP , where the scalar value k is a private integer and must be secured. In this work, we present a new approach to accelerate the main scalar multiplication on ECC over prime fields for sensor networks. This approach uses an equivalent representation of points and can act as a support for existing schemes in a selected interval. The simulation results showed that the proposed technique increases the efficiency of the computation time. For example, on this scalar multiplication, we obtain a gain of 4 bits in 161 bits for 6.25% of the scalars. This gain can sometimes reach 100% in some cases. After this significant reduction of the scalar k , we present a fast precomputation algorithm in a distributed scalar multiplication on kP to avoid storage of precomputation points, which requires extra memory.     

Exact solutions of Euler equations of ideal gasdynamics via Lie group analysis

In this paper, we explicitly characterize a class of solutions to the first order quasilinear system of partial differential equations (PDEs), governing one dimensional unsteady planar and radially symmetric flows of an adiabatic gas involving shock waves. For this, Lie group analysis is used to identify a finite number of generators that leave the given system of PDEs invariant. Out of these generators, two commuting generators are constructed involving some arbitrary constants. With the help of canonical variables associated with these two generators, the assigned system of PDEs is reduced to an autonomous system, whose simple solutions provide non trivial solutions of the original system. It is interesting to remark that one of the special solutions obtained here, using this approach, is precisely the blast wave solution known in the literature.      

Accumulation and filtering of nanoparticles in microchannels using electrohydrodynamically induced vortical flows

We present an approach for the accumulation and filtering of nano- and microparticles in microfluidic devices that is based on the generation of electric traveling waves in the radio-frequency range. Upon application of the electric field via a microelectrode array, complex particle trajectories and particle accumulation are observed in well-defined regions in a microchannel. Through the quantitative mapping of the 3-D flow pattern using two-focus fluorescence cross-correlation spectroscopy, two vortices could be identified as one of the sources of the force field that induces the formation of particle clouds. Dielectrophoretic forces that directly act on the particles are the second source of the force field. A thorough 2-D finite element analysis identifies the electric traveling wave mechanism as the cause for the unexpected flow behavior observed. Based on these findings, strategies are discussed, first, for avoiding the vortices to optimize electrohydrodynamic micropumps and, secondly, for utilizing the vortices in the development of microdevices for efficient particle accumulation, separation, and filtering. Such devices may find numerous biomedical applications when highly diluted nano- and microsuspensions have to be processed.     

Multiscale-bump standing waves with a critical frequency for nonlinear Schrödinger equations

In this paper we study the existence and qualitative property of standing wave solutions for the nonlinear Schrödinger equation with being a critical frequency in the sense that We show that if the zero set of has isolated connected components such that the interior of is not empty and is smooth, has isolated zero points, , , and has critical points such that , then for small, there exists a standing wave solution which is trapped in a neighborhood of Moreover the amplitudes of the standing wave around , and are of a different order of . This type of multi-scale solution has never before been obtained.

     

基于标量衍射的星间相干激光通信外差效率研究

针对本振光为高斯分布,接收信号光经望远镜聚焦后为艾里分布的情况,首先对高斯和艾里函数用数值计算的方式得到两种光斑最大外差效率:当艾里斑直径和高斯光束束腰直径之比为1.719时,最大外差效率为81.45％;然后介绍了光的标量衍射和Zernike像差理论,分析了夫琅禾费衍射适用于相干聚焦光场的条件,计算了平面、高斯、艾里光场和Zernike像差的采样要求,对存在各种像差的光学系统的外差效率进行了仿真,分析了倾斜、离焦、像散、慧差、球差等基本像差及组合像差对外差效率的影响,结果表明:各种像差对外差效率的影响从低到高分别为像散、倾斜、离焦、慧差和球差;3 dB外差效率损失对应相干系统的指标为跟踪误差优于1μrad (RMS),组合波像差优于0.1λ.研究结果对相干激光通信系统的链路损耗分配和光机系统的工程设计具有指导意义.     

Synchronization of Coupled Oscillators on a Two‐Dimensional Plane

The effect of the transfer rate of signal molecules on coupled chemical oscillators arranged on a two‐dimensional plane was systematically investigated in this paper. A microreactor equipped with a surface acoustic wave (SAW) mixer was applied to adjust the transfer rate of the signal molecules in the microreactor. The SAW mixer with adjustable input powers provided a simple means to generate different mixing rates in the microreactor. A robust synchronization of the oscillators was found at an input radio frequency power of 20 dBm, with which the chemical waves were initiated at a fixed site of the oscillator system. With increasing input power, the frequency of the chemical waves was increased, which agreed well with the prediction given by the time‐delayed phase oscillator model. Results from the finite element simulation agreed well with the experimental results.