更改水箱控制方式,降低氮封装置氮气耗量

本文主要介绍了利用PLC对我厂纯水系统中水箱液位控制的改造，对其控制的原理、方式等内容进行了阐述。     

Diffusion and solubility of some interstitial impurities in deformed metals

Summary The problem of impurity diffusion accompanying segregation phase nucleation on dislocations has been studied using the approximation of the local equilibrium with respect to the impurity distribution between the volume solution and dislocation regions. It has been shown that the known experimental data on diffusion and solubility of some interstitial impurities in cold-worked b.c.c. and f.c.c. metals and alloys can be described in the framework of the dislocation trap model. The characteristics of the impurity segregation regions near dislocations have been obtained from the treatment of the diffusion and solubility data for the systems. On the basis of the crystallographic and thermodynamic considerations the possibility of the existence of such segregation phase regions along dislocations in the systems in question has been shown.     

治疗256例氟斑牙（着色型）分析

以不同比例浓盐酸与30％过氧化氢混合溶液治疗了256例着色型氟斑牙患者，有效率为98．71％、中度95．15％、重度92．35％。     

通过等离子体表面处理提高聚乙炔稳定性

用等离子体方法对聚乙炔膜进行表面处理发现,其碘掺杂室温电导率与未处理的PA膜相当,但电导在空气中的稳定性及膜自身的抗氧化能力都有了较大提高。ESCA谱证实了在空气等离子体处理后的PA膜表面上接入了O和N原子。另外,IR光谱结果也表明,随着等离子体处理功率的增加,PA膜反式食量逐渐增加,顺式含量相应减少。     

含油废水处理技术研究进展

在介绍原“老三套”工艺技术的基础上，综述了几种新型除油工艺，混凝法、膜分离法、高吸油树脂法．在对多种不同的工艺技术尤其是树脂吸附法的应用现状和最新进展进行分析、比较后，对各种方法的特点作了总结，并展望其研究与应用的发展趋势。     

Rice Bran as an Excellent Sorbent for Heavy Metals from Aqueous Media, 2. Determination of Related Parameters

In part 2 of this report related parameters of the rice bran (as a sorbent of heavy metals) such as exchange capacity, distribution coefficients and isotherms, etc. were studied. The obtained results show that selectivity of the bran towards heavy metals such as Cu(II), Cd(II), Fe(III), Ni(II), Zn(II) and Pb(II) is very high. Also, distribution coefficients between aqueous solution and bran are more than 10⁴ so that all cations are completely adsorbed by the bran in relatively low concentrations. The principal advantages of this sorbent are as follows: high efficiency, very high exchanging speed, cheapness (in comparison with conventional resins), performance in batch and continuous conditions and producing no environmental pollution. The only disadvantage of the bran is low exchanging capacity for some elements (but for lead it is comparable to classical resins); however, it is able to eliminate heavy metals in mg/L level and above. On the other hand, due to low cost of bran and high cost of recovery of ion exchangers there is no necessity to recover the bran. Reproducibility of the proposed method in removal of heavy metals is excellent and the relative standard deviations for eight repeated removals for all cations with the exception of iron are less than 1%.     

Unique commercial applications of the sol-gel process in Japan

Two unique commercial applications of the sol-gel process in Japan are presented. One application involves alkoxide-derived nanometer-sized silica particles used in the final polishing of silicon wafers for the fabrication of integrated circuits. The particles are cocoon-like in shape and have almost replaced conventional abrasives because of the advantages over spherical particles of similar size in terms of obtaining high polishing efficiency for good surface finish. The other application concerns the treatment of paper with an alkoxide solution for water repellent and oil resistance properties, which leads to new products for disposable tableware or cooking ware for microwave oven use.     

Effect of sludge pH and treatment time on the electrokinetic removal of aluminum from water potabilization treatment sludge

Algerian's municipal sewage treatment plants generate around 10⁶ m³ of sewage sludge annually. Recently, rapid expansion of wastewater treatment plants without equal attention to the treatment of the produced sludge has generated increasing concerns. While the sludge is usually incinerated or used as an agricultural fertilizer and may contain numerous nutrients, there may also be harmful substances that complicate sludge management. Hence the removal of pollutants from the sludge is necessary before further usage. This paper discusses the characteristics of potable water treatment sludge containing a high aluminum content. Furthermore, an electrokinetic treatment is proposed to remove aluminum from this sludge by varying the type of solution contained in the cathode compartment and modifying the treatment time to optimize the efficiency of the process. Successful results were achieved where 60% of aluminum was collected on the cathode side with a consumed energy around of 1000–2000 kWh kg⁻¹ of sludge weight.     

Ultra-Permeable Dual-Mechanism-Driven Graphene Oxide Framework Membranes for Precision Ion Separations

Two-dimensional graphene oxide (GO) membranes are gaining popularity as a promising means to address global water scarcity. However, current GO membranes fail to sufficiently exclude angstrom-sized ions from solution. Herein, a de novo “posterior” interfacial polymerization (p-IP) strategy is reported to construct a tailor-made polyamide (PA) network in situ in an ultrathin GO membrane to strengthen size exclusion while imparting a positively charged membrane surface to repel metal ions. The electrostatic repulsion toward metal ions, coupled with the reinforced size exclusion, synergistically drives the high-efficiency metal ion separation through the synthesized positively charged GO framework (PC-GOF) membrane. This dual-mechanism-driven PC-GOF membrane exhibits superior metal ion rejection, anti-fouling ability, good operational stability, and ultra-high permeance (five times that of pristine GO membranes), enabling a sound step towards a sustainable water-energy-food nexus.     

数据离群值的检验及处理方法讨论

由目前普遍使用的分析化学教材中与离群值相关的内容出发,对其进行对比和分析,说明数据离群值检验的意义和重要性。对几种常见的离群值判定方法进行了列举和比较,并对已确认为异常值的数据的处理方法也进行了对比和讨论。各种检验和处理方法各有其优势和劣势,根据实际情况选择不同方法或多种方法配合使用,能够更好地实现对离群值的检验和处理。