Tracking elementary particles near their primary vertex: A combinatorial approach

Colliding beams experiments in High Energy Physics rely on solid state detectors to track the flight paths of charged elementary particles near their primary point of interaction. Reconstructing tracks in this region requires, per collision, a partitioning of up to 10³ highly correlated observations into an unknown number of tracks. We report on the successful implementation of a combinatorial track finding algorithm to solve this pattern recognition problem in the context of the ALEPH experiment at CERN. Central to the implementation is a 5-dimensional axial assignment model (AP5) encompassing noise and inefficiencies of the detector, whose weights of assignments are obtained by means of an extended Kalman filter. A preprocessing step, involving the clustering and geometric partitioning of the observations, ensures reasonable bounds on the size of the problems, which are solved using a branch & bound algorithm with LP relaxation. Convergence is reached within one second of CPU time on a RISC workstation in average.     

空地激光通信跟踪精度主要外界影响因素研究

为了分析空地激光通信外界因素对跟踪精度的影响情况,将平台振动、大气湍流和背景光三个主要影响因素归结到对跟踪精度影响的统一框架下进行了研究。使用实际测量得到的平台振动数据,建立空地激光通信跟踪仿真系统,分析了不同条件下,三种外界因素对跟踪精度的综合影响情况。在文中假设基础上,分析可知:粗跟踪单元可以较好的抑制地面运动平台的振动,保证激光能够进入精跟踪视场;中强度的湍流使精跟踪残差标准差增大4倍左右,如果试验地点选择在高海拔地区,大气湍流使精跟踪残差标准差增大2倍左右。     

Research on laser Doppler velocimeter for vehicle self-contained inertial navigation system

An idea of using laser Doppler velocimeter (LDV) to measure the velocity for the vehicle inertial navigation system was put forward. The principle of measuring its own velocity with laser Doppler technique was elaborated and reference-beam LDV was designed. Then Doppler signal was processed by tracking filter, frequency spectrum refinement and frequency spectrum correction algorithm. The result of theory and experiment showed that the reference-beam LDV solved the problem that dual-beam LDV cannot be used for measuring when the system was out of focus. Doppler signal was tracked so that signal-to-noise ratio was improved, and the accuracy of the system was enhanced by the technology of frequency spectrum refinement and correction. The measurement mean error was less than 1.5% in velocity range of 0-30 m/s.     

A New Modulation for Intrinsically Secure Radio Channel in Wireless Systems

One of the biggest challenges in RFID (radio frequency identification) large scale deployment, such as in warehouse RFID deployment, is the positioning of RFID reader antennas to efficiently locate all the tagged objects distributed at RFID reader environment. This paper has investigated a novel location sensing system based on geometric grid covering algorithm that can use any passive or active RFID standard for positioning or tracking objects inside buildings. This study involves design of RFID reader antenna network which focuses on placing the reader antennas on a grid to cover all the tags distributed at two dimensional planes and position calculation using statistical averages algorithm. The statistical averages algorithm simply computes the location coordinates of the tagged object by statistical average of the reader antenna’s location. The proposed grid of reader antennas can assist in minimizing the actual number of reader antennas required for RFID large scale deployment. The proposed prototype system is a simpler positioning system which presents the solution of placement pattern of RFID reader antennas, gives less complicated mathematical calculation, and is able to provide a high degree of accuracy. The obtained results show that the proposed location sensing system can achieve better positioning accuracy as compared to existing positioning system and in some cases accuracy improvement of about 50% can be reached.

Dichotomy and trichotomy of difference equations

Dedicated to Professor Gerry Ladas on his sixtieth birthday in acknowledgement of his leading role of difference equations. We extend the notions of dichotomy and trichotomy to nonlinear ordinary difference equations. This is accomplished by using two completely different approaches. In the first approach we use a notion, independent of the nature of our difference equation, called tracking. In the second approach we introduce a discrete analogue of dichotomy and trichotomy in variation.     

Improved direct inverse tracking control of a piezoelectric tube scanner for high-speed AFM imaging

For a piezoelectric tube scanner (PTS), this paper proposes an improved direct inverse tracking control algorithm and apply it to an atomic force microscope (AFM) to accomplish high-speed scanning tasks. That is, to enhance the high-speed tracking control performance of a PTS, an improved direct inverse rate-dependent Prandtl–Ishlinskii (P–I) model is firstly constructed, which includes a polynomial module to eliminate the structure nonlinearity. Based on the model, a practical feedforward control law is then designed to implement high-speed tracking control for a high-frequency trajectory with strong robustness, which presents the advantages of high-speed response, simple structure and convenient implementation. Subsequently, the designed feedforward law is combined with a feedback component, and the combined control strategy is employed in an AFM to accomplish fast imaging tasks. Numerous experimental results are then collected, which convincingly demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed practical model/control scheme.     

BTO/PDMS/C柔性复合薄膜的制备及压电性能研究

针对压电陶瓷在实现微纳运动中普遍存在的不确定非线性因素,提出了一种新型的非线性鲁棒控制器。该控制器利用非奇异终端滑模控制实现了控制器的鲁棒性,采用时延估计技术实现了对未知项的实时补偿和无模型控制,有利于工程应用,并用鲁棒精密微分器实现对全状态的估计。运用Lyapunov稳定性理论证明了系统的闭环稳定性。半物理仿真实验表明,该控制器能够控制压电陶瓷实现亚微米精度的运动控制。理论分析和实践证明,提出的控制策略具有无模型、高精度和鲁棒性强的控制效果,工程应用性强,能有效应用于压电陶瓷驱动的微纳操作系统中。     

基于周期压力写入的长周期光纤光栅的一阶光学微分器

根据一阶光学微分器的传递函数,理论分析了均匀 长周期光纤光栅(LPFG)作为一阶瞬态光学微分器应满足的条件。周期压力产生的LPFG能够通 过压力的控制加强光栅的模式耦合,因而得到大的光栅谐 振损耗,实验证明了周期压力在细径光纤上产生的LPFG能够产生大于50dB的谐振损耗。数值模拟结果表明,此光栅光 学微分器能够高精度地完成对高斯脉冲的微分运算,在超快全光信号处理、飞秒脉冲整形和 任意光脉冲产生等领域中有宽广的应用前景。