基于DSP的双频超声波流量计硬件电路设计

超声波流量测量技术是一种利用超声波信号在流体中传播时所载流体的流速信息来测量流体流量的新的测量技术,他具有非接触式测量、测量精度高、测量范围宽、安装维护方便等特点,特别适合用于临时管道流量、大口径管道流量以及危险性流体流量的测量。本文介绍了一种采用数字信号处理技术的双频超声波流量计的硬件电路设计方法。     

基于UCOSⅡ的恒温槽自动检测仪设计实现

基于STM32F103开发平台进行实时嵌入式操作系统μc-OS Ⅱ的移植,并使之实现恒温槽不同位置温度采集、LCD显示、打印等的多任务处理。系统通过基于双通道24位高精度模数转换芯片AD7793的传感装置对温度数据进行采集,传感器位置根据系统对步进电机的控制而改变。系统可以采集恒温槽数据,同时在LCD上显示采集数据,进行数据计算处理并得到恒温槽的性能指数,且可通过打印机输出所有测量和计算的结果。     

1-(2′,2′,2′-Trifluoroethyl)-4-phosphopyrazoles: Synthese et Etude Spectroscopique ir et RMN 1H, 13C, 19F,et 31P

Seven new 1-fluorinated-4-phosphopyrazoles 2 have been prepared in 60–94% yield by cyclization of N-(2′,2′,2′-trifluoroethyl) phosphonyl β-hydrazones 1 with triethyl orthoformate in the presence of acetic acid. The IR data, the ¹H, ¹³C, ¹⁹F, ³¹P chemical shifts and coupling constants of the compounds 2 are reported.     

Renormalization and conjugacy of piecewise linear Lorenz maps

We investigate the uniform piecewise linearizing question for a family of Lorenz maps. Let f be a piecewise linear Lorenz map with different slopes and positive topological entropy, we show that f is conjugate to a linear mod one transformation and the conjugacy admits a dichotomy: it is either bi-Lipschitz or singular depending on whether f is renormalizable or not. f is renormalizable if and only if its rotation interval degenerates to be a rational point. Furthermore, if the endpoints are periodic points with the same rotation number, then the conjugacy is quasisymmetric.     

Sparse LMS/F algorithms with application to adaptive system identification

Standard least mean square/fourth (LMS/F) is a classical adaptive algorithm that combined the advantages of both least mean square (LMS) and least mean fourth (LMF). The advantage of LMS is fast convergence speed while its shortcoming is suboptimal solution in low signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) environment. On the contrary, the advantage of LMF algorithm is robust in low SNR while its drawback is slow convergence speed in high SNR case. Many finite impulse response systems are modeled as sparse rather than traditionally dense. To take advantage of system sparsity, different sparse LMS algorithms with l_p‐LMS and l₀‐LMS have been proposed to improve adaptive identification performance. However, sparse LMS algorithms have the same drawback as standard LMS. Different from LMS filter, standard LMS/F filter can achieve better performance. Hence, the aim of this paper is to introduce sparse penalties to the LMS/F algorithm so that it can further improve identification performance. We propose two sparse LMS/F algorithms using two sparse constraints to improve adaptive identification performance. Two experiments are performed to show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms by computer simulation. In the first experiment, the number of nonzero coefficients is changing, and the proposed algorithms can achieve better mean square deviation performance than sparse LMS algorithms. In the second experiment, the number of nonzero coefficient is fixed, and mean square deviation performance of sparse LMS/F algorithms is still better than that of sparse LMS algorithms. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

GC-MS Studies on Derivatization of Creatinine and Creatine by BSTFA and Their Measurement in Human Urine

In consideration of its relatively constant urinary excretion rate, creatinine (2-amino-1-methyl-5H-imidazol-4-one, MW 113.1) in urine is a useful endogenous biochemical parameter to correct the urinary excretion rate of numerous endogenous and exogenous substances. Reliable measurement of creatinine by gas chromatography (GC)-based methods requires derivatization of its amine and keto groups. Creatinine exists in equilibrium with its open form creatine (methylguanidoacetic acid, MW 131.1), which has a guanidine and a carboxylic group. Trimethylsilylation and trifluoroacetylation of creatinine and creatine are the oldest reported derivatization methods for their GC-mass spectrometry (MS) analysis in human serum using flame- or electron-ionization. We performed GC-MS studies on the derivatization of creatinine (d₀-creatinine), [methylo-²H₃]creatinine (d₃-creatinine, internal standard) and creatine (d₀-creatine) with N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide (BSTFA) using standard derivatization conditions (60 min, 60 °C), yet in the absence of any base. Reaction products were characterized both in the negative-ion chemical ionization (NICI) and in the positive-ion chemical ionization (PICI) mode. Creatinine and creatine reacted with BSTFA to form several derivatives. Their early eluting N,N,O-tris(trimethylsilyl) derivatives (8.9 min) were found to be useful for the precise and accurate measurement of the sum of creatinine and creatine in human urine (10 µL, up to 20 mM) by selected-ion monitoring (SIM) of m/z 271 (d₀-creatinine/d₀-creatine) and m/z 274 (d₃-creatinine) in the NICI mode. In the PICI mode, SIM of m/z 256, m/z 259, m/z 272 and m/z 275 was performed. BSTFA derivatization of d₀-creatine from a freshly prepared solution in distilled water resulted in formation of two lMate-eluting derivatives (14.08 min, 14.72 min), presumably creatinyl-creatinine, with the creatininyl residue existing in its enol form (14.08 min) and keto form (14.72 min). Our results suggest that BSTFA derivatization does not allow specific analysis of creatine and creatinine by GC-MS. Preliminary analyses suggest that pentafluoropropionic anhydride (PFPA) is also not useful for the measurement of creatinine in the presence of creatine. Both BSTFA and PFPA facilitate the conversion of creatine to creatinine. Specific measurement of creatinine in urine is possible by using pentafluorobenzyl bromide in aqueous acetone.     

Anti-Proteus Activity,Anti-Struvite Crystal,and Phytochemical Analysis of Sida acuta Burm. F. Ethanolic Leaf Extract

Proteus mirabilis is a significant cause of urinary tract infection that may contribute to struvite stones. Anti-infection of this bacterium and anti-struvite formation must be considered. Sida acuta Burm. F. (SA) has been used for the treatment of diseases related to kidneys. Therefore, we investigated the effects of the SA leaf ethanolic extract (SAEE) on growth and on virulent factors (swarming motility and urease activity) of Proteus mirabilis isolated from kidney stone formers. We also evaluated anti-struvite crystal formation and phytochemical constituents of SAEE. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of SAEE against three clinical P. mirabilis isolates were 8 mg/mL. Intriguingly, the 1/2MIC of SAEE had significant inhibitory effects on the swarming motility and urease activity of clinical P. mirabilis isolates when compared with the condition without SAEE. The SAEE at the various concentrations significantly inhibited the average weights of struvite crystals in a dose-dependent manner, compared with the control. The phytochemical analysis revealed that SAEE contained catechin, chlorogenic acid, rutin, and ferulic acid. This study indicated that SAEE has anti-P. mirabilis and anti-struvite crystal activities via its bioactive compounds. For this reason, SAEE may be developed as a new agent for the treatment of struvite stone induced by P. mirabilis.     

ChemInform Abstract: Trends in Gas-Phase Fluoride Ion Affinities of Main-Group Oxyfluorides and Fluoride Sulfides. Generation and Characterization of the Fluoride Adducts of FAsO,FPO, FPO2, F2SiO,F4SO,FBO, F2SiS,FPS, FAsS,F2S2, and S2O by Ion Cyclotron Resonance Addition-Elimination Reactions.

Novel oxyfluoride and fluoride sulfide anions are generated by the isoelectronic replacement of F in a main-group polyfluoride by O- or S- via the reaction of either tBuO- or RS- (R: H, Me) with the polyfluorides.     

ChemInform Abstract: Molecular Structure of Chromium Tetrafluoride in the Gas Phase

is determined by electron diffraction at 195-220 °C. The diffraction patterns are completely consistent with a molecule of tetrahedral (Td) symmetry.