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61.
In this paper we propose an Ant Colony Optimisation (ACO) algorithm for defining the signal settings on urban networks following a local approach. This consists in optimising the signal settings of each intersection of an urban network as a function only of traffic flows at the accesses to the same intersection, taking account of the effects of signal settings on costs and on user route choices. This problem, also known as Local Optimisation of Signal Settings (LOSS), has been widely studied in the literature and can be formulated as an asymmetric assignment problem. The proposed ACO algorithm is based on two kinds of behaviour of artificial ants which allow the LOSS problem to be solved: traditional behaviour based on the response to pheromones for simulating user route choice, and innovative behaviour based on the pressure of an ant stream for solving the signal setting definition problem. Our results on real-scale networks show that the proposed approach allows the solution to be obtained in less time but with the same accuracy as in traditional MSA (Method of Successive Averages) approaches. 相似文献
62.
Abstract In this article, two static routing algorithms have been proposed and compared to some of the existing algorithms on the basis of blocking probability. The two proposed static routing and wavelength assignment algorithms reduce the blocking probability to maximize the utilization of the network. All of these algorithms are analyzed and compared with four wavelength assignment schemes, which are first-fit, random, most used, and least used. It is shown that our proposed static algorithms give the best performance for first-fit wavelength assignment and most used wavelength assignment strategies with reduced complexity. For least used wavelength assignment and random wavelength assignment, 1 fixed and 2 alternate routing algorithm gives the lowest blocking probability. 相似文献
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64.
N. Senthilkumar Y. S. Somannavar Brajesh Kumar Sinha G. K. A. S. S. Narayan Ramesh Dandala 《合成通讯》2013,43(2):268-276
A simple synthetic route for active metabolites of carvedilol is reported. The metabolites 4′-hydroxycarvedilol and 5′-hydroxycarvedilol have exhibited high activity for β-blockade. We have disclosed syntheses of 4′-hydroxycarvedilol and 5′-hydroxycarvedilol from commercially available vanillin and isovanillin, respectively. 相似文献
65.
NMR is a fast method for obtaining a holistic snapshot of the metabolome and also offers quantitative information without separating the compounds present in a complex mixture. Identification of the metabolites present in a plant extract sample is a crucial step for all plant metabolomics studies. In the present work, we used various two dimensional (2D) NMR methods such as J-resolved NMR, total correlation spectroscopy (TOCSY), and heteronuclear single quantum coherence sensitivity enhanced NMR spectroscopy for the identification of 36 common metabolites present in Coriandrum sativum L. seed extract. The identified metabolites belong to the following classes: organic acids, amino acids, and carbohydrates. 1H NMR spectra of such complex mixtures in general display tremendous signal overlap due to the presence of a large number of metabolites with closely resonating multiplet signals. This signal overlapping leads to ambiguity in an assignment, and hence, identification of metabolites becomes tedious or impossible in many cases. Therefore, the utility of pure-shift proton spectrum along the indirect (F1) dimension of the F1-PSYCHE-TOCSY spectrum is demonstrated for overcoming ambiguity in assignment of metabolites in crowded spectral regions from Coriandrum sativum L. seed extract sample. Because pure-shift NMR methods yield ultrahigh resolution spectrum (i.e., a singlet peak per chemical site) along one or more dimensions, such spectra provide better identification of metabolites compared with regular 2D TOCSY where signal overlap and peak distortions lead to ambiguity in the assignment. Nine metabolites were unambiguously assigned by pure-shift F1-PSYCHE-TOCSY spectrum, which was unresolved in regular TOCSY spectrum. 相似文献
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67.
Prof. Dr. Jevgenij A. Raskatov Dr. Scott Virgil Dr. Hsiau-Wei Lee Dr. Lawrence M. Henling Ka Chan Ariel J. Kuhn Alejandro R. Foley 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2020,26(20):4467-4470
Methionine (Met) oxidation is an important biological redox node, with hundreds if not thousands of protein targets. The process yields methionine oxide (MetO). It renders the sulfur chiral, producing two distinct, diastereomerically related products. Despite the biological significance of Met oxidation, a reliable protocol to separate the resultant MetO diastereomers is currently lacking. This hampers our ability to make peptides and proteins that contain stereochemically defined MetO to then study their structural and functional properties. We have developed a facile method that uses supercritical CO2 chromatography and allows obtaining both diastereomers in purities exceeding 99 %. 1H NMR spectra were correlated with X-ray structural information. The stereochemical interconversion barrier at sulfur was calculated as 45.2 kcal mol−1, highlighting the remarkable stereochemical stability of MetO sulfur chirality. Our protocol should open the road to synthesis and study of a wide variety of stereochemically defined MetO-containing proteins and peptides. 相似文献
68.
In this paper we propose a design of a dependable self-organizing and adaptive mixed-signal SoC. We introduce an Artificial Hormone System (AHS) as a general control mechanism, which addresses the goals of organic computing methodology. Regarding the coexistence of digital and analog components in SoCs, we developed two new AHS implementations, one pure analog approach and one mixed-signal approach. Besides the basics of the hormone based control mechanisms, especially for the analog domain, this paper adapts the AHS upon mixed-signal SoC and presents the evaluation of a completely simulated AHS-controlled SoC. This evaluation verifies the approaches including stability issues as well as upper timing bounds and shows the improvement achieved on the system reliability. We also state the advantages from the hormone system compared to other approaches, as well as the strong points of the different hormone systems to one another. 相似文献
69.
G. Yu S. H. Jacobson N. Kiyavash 《Stochastics An International Journal of Probability and Stochastic Processes》2020,92(2):223-264
ABSTRACTWe provide an asymptotic analysis of multi-objective sequential stochastic assignment problems (MOSSAP). In MOSSAP, a fixed number of tasks arrive sequentially, with an n-dimensional value vector revealed upon arrival. Each task is assigned to one of a group of known workers immediately upon arrival, with the reward given by an n-dimensional product-form vector. The objective is to maximize each component of the expected reward vector. We provide expressions for the asymptotic expected reward per task for each component of the reward vector and compare the convergence rates for three classes of Pareto optimal policies. 相似文献