正三角形及正方形微光学腔模式特性研究

微谐振腔模式特性研究是利用微腔研制新型光电器件的基础．为了研制出能采用平面工艺制作的定向输出的微腔激光器，文章采用解析和数值模拟方法深入研究了正三角形及正方形光学微腔的模式特性，并得到与数值模拟结果符合非常好的解析场分布及模式波长．对正方形光学微腔，把模式组合成满足正方形对称性的场分布，发现其类WG模式只存在品质因子比它小一个数量级以上的偶然简并模式，因此正方形微腔有利于实现真正的单模工作．     

Optical bistability at angular incidence in a one-dimensional photonic crystal containing single negative materials

Nonlinear wave propagation is studied theoretically in a one-dimensional photonic band gap structure containing single negative materials. It is found that Kerr nonlinearity is greatly enhanced near the lower edge of a recently explored angular gap for transverse magnetic polarized light. Consequently, optical bistability is achieved at very low values of input intensity in a periodic structure composed of only a few repeating units. The characteristics of optical bistability are affected only slightly with the variation of the incident angle and thickness ratio of the layers. The effect of losses is also found to be relatively insignificant in such a small structure.     

Highly Selective Optical Detection of Fe3+ Ions in Aqueous Solution Using Label‐Free Silicon Nanocrystals

High brightness amine‐terminated silicon nanocrystals (Si NCs) have been utilized in a simple and rapid assay for the highly selective and sensitive detection of Fe³⁺ via quenching of their strong blue luminescence, without the need for analyte‐specific labeling groups. Sensitive detection of Fe³⁺ is successfully demonstrated, with a linear relationship observed between luminescence quenching and Fe³⁺ concentration from 5 × 10^?6 to 900 × 10^?6m and a limit of detection of 1.3 × 10^?6m . The Si NCs show excellent selectivity toward Fe³⁺ ions, with no quenching of the luminescence signal induced by the presence of Fe²⁺ ions, allowing for solution phase discrimination between the ionic species in different charge states.     

Use and Abuse of Entropy in Biology: A Case for Caliber

Here, I discuss entropy and its use as a tool in fields of biology such as bioenergetics, ecology, and evolutionary biology. Statistical entropy concepts including Shannon’s diversity, configurational entropy, and informational entropy are discussed in connection to their use in describing the diversity, heterogeneity, and spatial patterning of biological systems. The use of entropy as a measure of biological complexity is also discussed, and I explore the extension of thermodynamic entropy principles to open, nonequilibrium systems operating in finite time. I conclude with suggestions for use of caliber, a metric similar to entropy but for time-dependent trajectories rather than static distributions, and propose the complementary notion of path information.     

The formation of an oscillating system during the sputtering of sapphire single crystal with pulsed glow discharge

Sapphire (α-Al₂O₃, transparent corundum) single crystals were analyzed with pulsed direct current glow discharge mass spectrometry. Combined hollow cathode was used as a discharge cell. To obtain stable sputtering of dielectric material, a formation of initial surface conductivity via preliminary vacuum deposition of thin metallic layer was proposed. Al and Ta film of different thickness (30–200 nm) were considered for this purpose. The approach was found to provide the effective sputtering of dielectrics. The formation of an oscillating system was shown during the sputtering of sapphire samples in a tantalum combined hollow cathode cell. For oriented sapphire single crystals, periodic oscillations of ²⁷Al⁺ intensity were acquired. This phenomenon was observed only for dielectric single crystals and not for other dielectric samples, e.g. alumina ceramic or fused quartz. The linear dependence of oscillation period on the duration of discharge pulse was found. The origin of these oscillations seems to be attributed to periodic fluctuations of surface conductivity. Oscillation periods calculated for two different orientations of sapphire single crystals (001 and 012) were found to be proportional to the main period of sapphire lattice. Therefore, an assumption that the crystal internal structure of the sample might be the cause of the oscillations is discussed.     

TheB 2Σ-X 2Σ system of the CaF molecule

The spectrum of theB ²Σ-X ²Σ system of the CaF molecule has been photographed in the second order of a 10.6 m concave grating spectrograph with 0.33 Å/mm dispersion. The rotational structure of the (0, 0) and (1, 0) bands has been analysed and the precise molecular constants have been obtained. Using the constants so determined the band origins of a large number of bands with 0 <v′,v″ < 10 have been calculated and used to obtain the accurate vibrational constants forB andX states and these are presented.     

超分辨重建技术及其研究进展

超高分辨成像技术一直是航天、遥感、目标识别等领域的研究热点。随着光学成像到光电数字成像的转变,如何提高CCD的几何分辨率,已成为研制高分辨光电成像系统亟待解决的问题。本文从理论和工程实现的角度介绍了超分辨成像的技术原理,分析了实现超分辨重建技术的几种方法,主要描述了微扫描和亚像元两种重建技术的实现方式,指出了目前超分辨技术存在的缺陷。最后,针对超分辨技术中无混淆重建带宽较窄的问题,提出了一种新的技术方案。该方案将光学编码技术与目前的亚像元技术相结合,可将重建带宽拓展3倍。研究结论指出：融合了光学,光电子学和信号处理的成像系统的综合设计,将是未来成像领域的一个重要研究方向。     

单晶YSZ的Xe+离子辐照效应研究

200keV Xe+离子辐照使单晶YSZ由无色透明变成紫色透明,结果表明,能量为200keV,注量为1×1017cm-22的Xe+离子辐照YSZ单晶产生的损伤高达350dpa,在损伤区产生高密度的缺陷,但仍然没有发生非晶化转变。吸收光谱测试结果表明,产生吸收带的注量阈值大约为1016cm-2。注量为1×1016cm-2和1×1017cm-2的样品,吸收带峰值分别位于522nm和497nm。光吸收带可能与Zr阳离子最近邻的氧空位捕获电子形成的F型色心和Y阳离子近邻的氧离子捕获空穴形成的V型色心有关。     

Time-resolved optical spectroscopy of CsI(Tl) crystals by pulsed electron beam irradiation

Properties of the color and emission centers induced with an electron pulse beam at temperature within 80-300 K have been studied in CsI(Tl) crystals. It has been established by optical spectrometry with time resolution that initial color centers in this crystal are only Tl⁰ and V_k centers, which spontaneously recombine emitting visible light at 2.25 and 2.55 eV. It has been shown that the emission decay kinetics at 80 K include two fast exponential components with decay constants 3 and 14 μs as well as slow hyperbolic component with the power index depending on the wavelength of the emitting light. The temperature effect on the emission kinetics has been studied and it has been directly proved that the emission rise stage at the temperature above 170 K is caused by the recombination of electrons, which are thermally released from single Tl⁰ centers, with V_kA centers. The origin of scintillations in CsI(Tl) crystal is discussed in terms of the tunnel electron transitions from ground state of Tl⁰ centers to ground state of V_k centers at different distances from each other.