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101.
The Sample Average Approximation Method Applied to Stochastic Routing Problems: A Computational Study 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Bram Verweij Shabbir Ahmed Anton J. Kleywegt George Nemhauser Alexander Shapiro 《Computational Optimization and Applications》2003,24(2-3):289-333
The sample average approximation (SAA) method is an approach for solving stochastic optimization problems by using Monte Carlo simulation. In this technique the expected objective function of the stochastic problem is approximated by a sample average estimate derived from a random sample. The resulting sample average approximating problem is then solved by deterministic optimization techniques. The process is repeated with different samples to obtain candidate solutions along with statistical estimates of their optimality gaps.We present a detailed computational study of the application of the SAA method to solve three classes of stochastic routing problems. These stochastic problems involve an extremely large number of scenarios and first-stage integer variables. For each of the three problem classes, we use decomposition and branch-and-cut to solve the approximating problem within the SAA scheme. Our computational results indicate that the proposed method is successful in solving problems with up to 21694 scenarios to within an estimated 1.0% of optimality. Furthermore, a surprising observation is that the number of optimality cuts required to solve the approximating problem to optimality does not significantly increase with the size of the sample. Therefore, the observed computation times needed to find optimal solutions to the approximating problems grow only linearly with the sample size. As a result, we are able to find provably near-optimal solutions to these difficult stochastic programs using only a moderate amount of computation time. 相似文献
102.
We carried out detailed calculations for photorefractive wave-mixing switches based on one of three crystals with high electro-optic coefficients, namely, BaTiO3, Strontium Barium Niobate (SBN (0.75)), and Potasium Sodium Strontium Barium Niobate (KNSBN). A comparison of results for the three crystals shows that a 0_-cut BaTiO3 crystal is suitable for a longitudinal switch and requires a voltage of about 80 for a 2-mm-thick crystal to induce sufficient phase mismatch. The electrodes must be transparent for the incident and diffracted beams. A 45_-cut SBN (0.75) crystal, however, is suitable for a lateral switch and requires a voltage of about 150 for a 1-mm-wide crystal. The electrodes do not need to be transparent. 相似文献
103.
The problem of investigation of the amplitude and phase structure of a time-varying probing optical signal and the structure of time-varying inhomogeneities of a substance tested by this signal is considered. The analysis is concerned, in particular, with determination of the structure of signals and processes with resolution in the pico- and femtosecond range. The scheme used for the analysis is based on registration of four spatially separated spectra of the studied radiation. The spectra are formed in a four-channel scheme with a twin-wave Michelson interferometer and a spectral device. Modulators based on electrooptical crystals (perovskites) are placed in the channels. The sum spectra are formed: without modulators, with the effect of either of the modulators, and with both of them affecting the radiation. The effect of the studied substance implies either modulating the radiation (in this case it is described by multiplication) or redistributing the radiation (then it is described by convolution). 相似文献
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由于可见光成像系统的聚焦范围有限,因而在成像过程中,除聚焦良好的物体能生成清晰的图像外,该物体前后一定距离外的所有物体都将呈现不同程度的模糊.为了获得场景内所有物体均清晰的图像,在分析了多聚焦图像成像机理的基础上,提出了一种基于小波包变换的融合方法.它是将成像系统先聚焦在一部分对象上,得到其清晰的图像;然后再将其聚焦在另一部分对象上,得到另一清晰的图像;最后把这两幅实验图像加以融合,从而获得场景内所有物体均清晰的图像.实验结果表明,基于小波包变换的融合方法能够将信号的频带进行多层次划分,对高频成分也能进一步地分解,可有效综合多聚焦图像. 相似文献
107.
基于Gross-Pitaevskii方程,运用有效化学势概念,研究了囚禁在组合势(由磁阱和三维光 晶格组成)中玻色凝聚气体在三维光晶格中的分布规律,并由此得到玻色凝聚气体的归 一化基态波函数.在取消组合势和仅取消光晶格而保留磁阱的两种情况下,运用传播子方 法求解出玻色凝聚气体密度分布的解析表达式.取消组合势后,理论计算所得到的玻色凝聚 气体聚随时间的演化规律与Greiner等的实验结果相一致.仅取消光晶格而保留磁阱时,研 究表明玻色凝聚气体的干涉模式呈现周期性的振荡行为.此外,在磁阱为各向异性的情况下 ,
关键词:
玻色凝聚气体
磁阱
光晶格
干涉模式 相似文献
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Fe2(CO)6(μ-S2) was used as a single source precursor in attempt to produce FeS film via MOCVD. Pyrolysis of Fe2(CO)6(μ-S2) at temperature below 500℃ produced Fe1-xS or Fe7S8 powder as indicated by its powder X-ray spectra. At 750 ℃, polycrystalline FeS powder was obtained. In film deposition, polycrystalline Fe1-xS or Fe7Ss films were obtained on Si(100) and Ag/Si(100) substrates below 500 ℃. SEM micrographs showed the film on Si(100) substrate containing whisker like grains. However, pillar like grains were obtained on Ag/Si(100) substrate.Deposition rates are also different for different substrates as evaluated by the thickness of the films, which were obtained by SEM micrographs of the cross section of the films. At 750℃, similar polycrystalline Fe1-xS or Fe7S8 film was obtained. 相似文献