Automatic peak detection in chromatography

Summary A modified derivative of chromatographic signal is proposed for detection of the appearance of a new peak. The method is shown to yield peak areas of good precision even in very noisy systems.This paper is dedicated to Dr. Leslie Ettre on his 60th birthday.     

Vibrational resonance in biological nonlinear maps

We investigate vibrational resonance in two different nonlinear maps driven by a biharmonic force: the Bellows and the Rulkov map. These two maps possess dynamical features of particular interest for the study of these phenomena. In both maps, the resonance occurs at the low-frequency of the biharmonic signal as the amplitude of the high-frequency signal is varied. We also consider an array of unidirectionally coupled maps with the forcing signal applied to the first unit. In this case, a signal propagation with several interesting features above a critical value of the coupling strength is found, while the response amplitude of the ith unit is greater than the first one. This response evolves in a sigmoidal fashion with the system number i, meaning that at some point the amplitudes saturate. The unidirectional coupling acts as a low-pass filter for distant units. Moreover, the analysis of the mean residence time of the trajectory in a given region of the phase space unveils a multiresonance mechanism in the coupled map system. These results point at the relevance of the discrete-time models for the study of resonance phenomena, since analyses and simulations are much easier than for continuous-time models.     

Fuzzy logic based intersection delay estimation

A fuzzy logic based delay estimation system is proposed and modelled. Conventional method of delay study involves solving static engineering equations in which only technical factors (traffic demand, roadway geometry, and signal control, etc.) are considered and the affect of nontechnical factors (such as weather or visibility) cannot be analyzed since they do not follow a predefined process. The fuzzy logic based delay estimation combines the complex technical and nontechnical factors and is adaptive to the changing driving environment. The rule base of the delay estimation system is constructed either following a mathematical model or from real-time traffic operational data. Simulation and field test of the fuzzy system have shown that fuzzy logic based modelling is a promising approach to improving intersection delay estimation.     

On timing Jitter in wavelength-division multiplexed soliton systems

Collision-induced timing shifts in a wavelength-division multiplexed soliton system are computed when damping, amplification, filtering and positive dispersion management following the loss profile are included. A statistical analysis is presented which takes into account the resulting effect of the large number of collisions occurring in the fiber. Analytic expressions are derived for the root mean square timing jitter and the maximum length of error-free transmission with an arbitrary number of channels. An extensive analysis of system performance corresponding to situations with and without filters and/or dispersion management is carried out.     

低温冷风与传统加工对磨削质量的对比分析

针对磨削加工传统方法的不足设计了一种新型低温冷风加工磨削装置,能够提供0～ - 80℃连续低温,压力在0.3～0.5MPa范围内变化,结构简单,操作控制方便,加工成本低.通过对比工件的表面粗糙度,发现使用低温冷风磨削效果优于传统磨削,并且低温冷风温度越低,压力越高则工件表面质量越好,机床参数与低温冷风参数相比对工件的表面粗糙度影响不很明显.     

径向流动整体固定相结构完整性的评价

整体色谱固定相结构完整性的评价,是研究整体填料的重要依据。常规的用于评价颗粒填料孔结构的技术,已不适用于评价大体积整体固定相。本实验利用前沿分析法,获得样品在色谱柱上的突破曲线（BTC）,由突破曲线的形状判定整体固定相结构的完整性。双S型突破曲线表明整体柱存在结构缺陷,并可由拐点的位置及曲率评价柱床的缺陷程度。山羊血清样品的快速高效分离,进一步证明了径向整体柱在生物T程领域的应用前景。     

Affinity enrichment of plasma membrane for proteomics analysis

Proteomics analysis of plasma membranes from cells exposed to different extracellular environments is potentially a powerful approach for the identification of membrane-associated proteins responding to these environments. Preparation of high concentration plasma membrane fractions with low contamination from cellular organelles is essential for such studies. Here, we describe an affinity enrichment method, which combines cell surface biotinylation with affinity enrichment by immobilized streptavidin beads, for the isolation of plasma membranes. This method results in a 400-fold enrichment of plasma membrane relative to endoplasmic reticulum, a major contaminant in standard plasma membrane preparations, and dramatically reduces contamination from other cellular organelles. The biotinylation reaction did not interfere with ligand-dependent activation of receptor tyrosine kinases or G-protein coupled receptors, suggesting cell-surface signal transduction machinery remains functional. Membrane fractions prepared by this method should provide excellent starting materials for membrane proteomics analysis such as studies of dynamic trafficking and regulation of signaling molecules or identification of disease-specific membrane markers.     

EEMD在土壤剖面反射光谱消噪中的应用

实测光谱常含有大量干扰信息, 消噪在光谱数据处理和分析中极为重要, 它直接影响后续的定量分析和信息挖掘。因此, 选择适当的消噪方法是改善光谱分析精度, 提升光谱分析能力的一个关键性突破。集合经验模态分解(EEMD)方法是一个以信号固有特征尺度为度量的时空滤波过程, 能充分保留信号本身的非线性和非平稳特征, 在信号的滤波和消噪中具有较大的优势。结合EEMD的多尺度滤波特性, 提出了一种新的EEMD阈值光谱消噪方法, 并应用于新疆塔里木河中游典型绿洲33个土壤剖面反射光谱数据的预处理。为探讨EEMD阈值法在土壤剖面反射光谱消噪中的效用, 对EEMD阈值法和小波阈值法的消噪结果进行了对比分析。结果表明: 与传统的小波阈值法相比, EEMD阈值法消噪结果的信噪比从14.836 6 dB提高到34.275 7 dB, 均方根误差由6.786 1×10-5降到7.240 6×10-6, 相关系数从0.982 5提高到0.999 8, EEMD阈值法的三个消噪效果衡量指标均优于小波阈值法。证明了EEMD阈值法可有效地去除土壤剖面光谱噪声, 较好地保留了光谱的细节信息, 提高了光谱的定量分析精度, 且与小波阈值消噪方法相比具有较强的可靠性和自适应优势, 作为光谱数据预处理的一种新方法, 其应用前景良好。