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41.
42.
CaF2 layers have grown by molecular beam epitaxy on bothn-type andp- type Si(111). Capacitance-voltage (C-V) and current-voltage (I-V) measurements have been made on metal-insulator-semiconductor
(MIS) capacitors to characterize these structures. For devices onp-type Si, C-V characteristics show only the insulator value of the capacitance over a wide range of applied voltages, indicating
an accumulated surface. At room temperature, C-V characteristics ofn-type devices show the minimum value of the capacitance (corresponding to inversion) for small voltages, but modulation of
the capacitance at larger voltages. At 200 K, this modulation is no longer present in the C-V curves. I-V curves show a rapid
increase in the leakage current at relatively low fields at room temperature, and this leakage decreases dramatically with
temperature. These results are largely independent of cleaning procedure, growth temperature, and the degree of misalignment
of the substrate. The characteristics are modeled by assuming the Fermi level to be pinned at the valence-band edge, and the
modulation in the C-V characteristics ofn-type samples to be driven by leakage currents.
Work done at GE while a graduate student in the School of Electrical Engineering, Cornell University. Present address: Jet
Propulsion Laboratory, 4800 Oak Grove Dr., Pasadena, CA 91109. 相似文献
44.
45.
As a key factor leading to the pressure-dependent R1-line-shift reversal and R1-state lifetime, at 10 K, the pressure-dependent variation of mixing-degree of |t22(3T1)e4T2〉
and |t232
E〉base-wavefunctions in the wavefunction of R1 state of
LLGG:Cr3+ has been calculated and analyzed. From this, the physical origin of the pressure-dependent R1-line-shift reversal has been revealed. Furthermore, by using
the pressure-dependent values of the
sum of all square mixing-coefficients
of |t22(3T1)e4T2〉in the wavefunction of R1 state, the lifetimes of R1 state
of LLGG:Cr3+ at various pressures have been calculated, which
are in good agreement with observed results. The quantum anticrossing
effect between
t232E and t22(3T1)e4T2
levels due to both spin-orbital interaction and electron-phonon interaction is remarkable, which is related to the admixture of
|t22(3T1)e4T2〉and |t232
E〉as well as the low-high crystal-field transition. 相似文献
46.
In this paper, a quantum secure direct communication protocol using ensembles with the same density matrix is proposed. The two communication parties can realize the message transmission using this method through a quantum channel, each bit of information can be transmitted using an ensemble and read out through global measurement.The eavesdropping behavior can be detected through the channel diagnoses. 相似文献
47.
Manuel Gadella Sebastin Fortín Juan Pablo Jorge Marcelo Losada 《Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)》2022,24(6)
We review some results in the theory of non-relativistic quantum unstable systems. We account for the most important definitions of quantum resonances that we identify with unstable quantum systems. Then, we recall the properties and construction of Gamow states as vectors in some extensions of Hilbert spaces, called Rigged Hilbert Spaces. Gamow states account for the purely exponential decaying part of a resonance; the experimental exponential decay for long periods of time physically characterizes a resonance. We briefly discuss one of the most usual models for resonances: the Friedrichs model. Using an algebraic formalism for states and observables, we show that Gamow states cannot be pure states or mixtures from a standard view point. We discuss some additional properties of Gamow states, such as the possibility of obtaining mean values of certain observables on Gamow states. A modification of the time evolution law for the linear space spanned by Gamow shows that some non-commuting observables on this space become commuting for large values of time. We apply Gamow states for a possible explanation of the Loschmidt echo. 相似文献
48.
The transition from the quantum to the classical world is not yet understood. Here, we take a new approach. Central to this is the understanding that measurement and actualization cannot occur except on some specific basis. However, we have no established theory for the emergence of a specific basis. Our framework entails the following: (i) Sets of N entangled quantum variables can mutually actualize one another. (ii) Such actualization must occur in only one of the 2N possible bases. (iii) Mutual actualization progressively breaks symmetry among the 2N bases. (iv) An emerging “amplitude” for any basis can be amplified by further measurements in that basis, and it can decay between measurements. (v) The emergence of any basis is driven by mutual measurements among the N variables and decoherence with the environment. Quantum Zeno interactions among the N variables mediates the mutual measurements. (vi) As the number of variables, N, increases, the number of Quantum Zeno mediated measurements among the N variables increases. We note that decoherence alone does not yield a specific basis. (vii) Quantum ordered, quantum critical, and quantum chaotic peptides that decohere at nanosecond versus femtosecond time scales can be used as test objects. (viii) By varying the number of amino acids, N, and the use of quantum ordered, critical, or chaotic peptides, the ratio of decoherence to Quantum Zeno effects can be tuned. This enables new means to probe the emergence of one among a set of initially entangled bases via weak measurements after preparing the system in a mixed basis condition. (ix) Use of the three stable isotopes of carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen and the five stable isotopes of sulfur allows any ten atoms in the test protein to be discriminably labeled and the basis of emergence for those labeled atoms can be detected by weak measurements. We present an initial mathematical framework for this theory, and we propose experiments. 相似文献
49.
在Ni催化剂的存在下,通过SiCl4的水解氨解反应并在1300℃氨气气氛中进行热氮化处理制得了无定形氮氧化硅纳米线.产物经X射线衍射(XRD)、热重-差示扫描量热(TG-DSC)、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、能量色散谱(EDS)和选区电子衍射(SAED)等表征手段进行分析,结果表明纳米线为无定形结构,直径为100~150nm.在波长为220nm的光激发下,产物的光致发光光谱(PL)在563nm和289nm处分别出现了一个强的绿光发光峰和一个弱的紫光发光峰.对纳米线的生长机理进行分析,表明纳米线的生长遵循气-液-固(VLS)机制控制模式. 相似文献
50.
作为一种洁净能源,硅锗合金的热电转换性能的研究越来越受到人们的重视.本文重点研究了不同Ge浓度的硅锗合金以及Si、Ge单晶在300~1100K温度范围内,Seebeck系数随温度的变化.并对组分相同导电类型不同、晶向不同以及结晶状态不同的样品的Seebeck系数进行了比较.在研究温度区间,Seebeck系数的绝对值大小一般在200~600μV/K之间,随温度不同连续变化.通过对比发现SiGe合金的Seebeck系数大小不仅与Ge的浓度和温度有关,其他因素对其绝对值也有影响,其中晶向最为明显,表现出了明显的各向异性.此外,材料本身的电阻率除了作为一个热电参数影响最优值外,其大小还对Seebeck系数的绝对值有影响,即掺杂济浓度对Seebeck系数的影响. 相似文献