用于数字D类音频功放的伪自然采样算法综述

伪自然采样方法是对数字D类音频功放中均匀采样脉冲宽度调制（Uniform-sampling Pulse Width Modulation,UPWM）失真校正的主流方法。近年来,如何使伪自然采样算法在校正谐波失真的同时降低算法的计算复杂度成为研究重点。首先介绍了伪自然采样方法的谐波失真校正原理,然后从UPWM面临的问题出发分别描述和分析了近年来涌现的各种伪自然采样算法的原理及其存在的问题,最后从谐波失真校正效果和计算复杂度方面比较和综合评价了不同伪自然采样算法,并展望了伪自然采样算法未来需要进一步研究的方向。     

幅度与相位分步识别的QAM调制模式识别算法

正交幅度调制(Quadrature Amplitude Modulation,QAM)信号的调制模式识别一直以来是人们研究的热点,通过星座图来进行调制模式识别也是一种常见的方法。然而,大多数调制模式识别算法会受到频偏和相偏的干扰,因此提出了一种幅度相位分步识别的QAM识别算法来识别调制模式。先利用卷积神经网络(Convolutional Neural Networks,CNN)识别出未消除频偏相偏的QAM星座图的幅度层数,对信号进行第一次分类;再检测每个信号点的瞬时相位进行差分,得到每个点之间的相位跳变幅度;经过减法聚类确定相位跳变次数,由此对信号在相位上进行二次分类,最后识别出QAM信号的调制模式。该方法虽然步骤比传统方法繁琐,但是不依赖于信号的频偏消除和相偏消除,能够起到很好的抗频偏作用。此外,因为没有频偏消除和相偏消除的步骤,所以使得信号不至于在频偏消除和相偏消除等预处理过程中损失信息量。经过试验,这种方法在识别率上比传统的神经网络识别方法在低信噪比下有更好的识别率。     

改进交织的单层极化码高阶编码调制系统

极化码作为一种新型编码方式,被采纳为5G通信中的短码方案。本文将极化码应用到比特交织编码调制（Bit-Interleaved Coded Modulation,BICM）系统,优化交织器的设计,提出了一种新型交织算法。相比于现有的交织算法,新型交织算法的提出是基于比特信道可靠性衡量参数,将高可靠性的比特信道与低可靠性的比特信道交错设计,按照高可靠性信道对低可靠性信道辅助译码的方式,提高极化码的纠错性能。由于新型交织算法只存在于比特信道可靠度参数的简单排序,在复杂度上没有明显增加。仿真结果表明:新型交织算法具有优异的性能,当误码率为10-5,码长为256时,采用新型交织算法的极化码BICM系统与LDPC码的BICM系统相比大约有1.51 dB的增益。      

声表面波射频识别系统的FMCW信号源设计

频率调制连续波(FMCW)的产生(即FMCW信号源)是声表面波射频识别系统频域采样阅读器的重要组成部分。为了满足扫频速度、带宽和线性度等要求,采用直接数字频率合成器(DDS)与锁相环(PLL)混频,并结合IQ调制的方式设计了超高频FMCW信号源。实际制作了信号源电路,DDS芯片输出I、Q两路正交信号,并分别以差分形式传输至IQ调制芯片进行上变频。测试了DDS输出信号的差分、正交特性,分别对信号源产生的单频信号和扫频信号进行了测试。最后搭建系统对声表面波标签进行测试。测试结果表明信号源设计的有效性。     

可见光混合二维CAP-DPIM调制

为了提高基于白光LED的可见光通信系统传输性能,本文围绕提高频谱效率及可靠性展开研究,提出一种兼顾功率效率和频谱效率的混合调制方案。该方案采用无载波幅度相位调制(CAP)与脉冲间隔调制(DPIM)相结合,发送端在DPIM的脉冲时隙上加载直流偏置CAP信号(DCO-CAP),生成混合调制信号,接收端采用提出的修正硬判决检测算法及最大似然检测完成混合调制信号的串行解调。考虑室内环境光的影响,推导了基于Lambertian光照模型并在高斯信道下二维DCO-CAP-DPIM方案的误比特率(BER)及误帧率(FER)解析表达式,仿真实验验证了理论解析式的准确性以及提出的修正 硬判决检测算法的有效性。对于8m×6m×3m实验场景,通过数值仿真,分析对比了DCO-CAP,以及不同混合调制在相同频带利用 率下的性能,结果表明:当频谱效率相同时,混合二维DCO-CAP-DPIM调制系统较单一调制可靠性提高2－12dB。且调制参数相同时,基于硬判决的修正算法使系统可靠性提高5dB。     

基于dSPACE的阻塞式交交变频系统实现

文中针对变频技术存在的缺陷,提出了一种基于dSPACE的脉冲阻塞式交交变频新思路。系统利用RTW对搭建的阻塞式交交变频系统数学模型进行代码生成,用于实现基于dSPACE的斩波调压控制策略。通过ControlDesk软件平台对实验中的参数和变量进行访问更改,实现了变频调压的目的,并在MATLAB 2011a环境下对变频系统进行了仿真。仿真与实验结果和理论相一致,验证了该系统控制策略的正确性及可行性,同时也为工业现场变频调速系统的设计与应用提供了依据。     

Dielectric Modulated Cellulose Paper/PDMS‐Based Triboelectric Nanogenerators for Wireless Transmission and Electropolymerization Applications

Achieving high output performance is the key in the development of triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) for future versatile applications. In this study, a novel TENG assembled with porous cellulose paper and polydimethylsiloxane is demonstrated. Through dielectric modulation of the friction materials by the nanoparticles (i.e., BaTiO₃, Ag), the triboelectric outputs increase significantly with the permittivity increase, which is attributed to the enhancement of the charge trapping capability and the surface charge density of the friction materials. The dielectric modulated TENG demonstrates a high output voltage of 88 V and a current of 8.3 µA, corresponding to an output power of 141 µW. Acting as a sensor unit, the TENG can successfully operate in a wireless transmission system, which can remotely monitor the machine operation and deliver the messages associated with finger movements. Moreover, the TENG can also perform as an efficient power source in an electropolymerization system for electropolymerizing polyaniline on a carbon nanotube electrode, holding a great potential to synthesize a high capacitance electrode for supercapacitors. This work provides a simple and efficient way to construct high performance TENGs and promotes their practical applications in the fields of wireless transmission and electropolymerization systems.     

Responsive Smart Windows from Nanoparticle–Polymer Composites

Windows play significant roles in commercial and residential buildings and automobiles, which direct and control light illumination, thermal insulation, natural ventilation, and aesthetics. Various approaches are attempted to make windows “smart” by tailoring their transparency and thermal insulation in response to environmental changes. Hence, there has been much effort to develop smart windows that can dynamically modulate the transmission and reflectance of the visible light and solar radiance into buildings according to weather conditions or personal preferences. Development of smart window materials is also beneficial to applications including wearable sensors, energy harvesting and storage, and medical devices. By carefully matching the refractive indices of nanoparticle (NPs) and polymer matrix, surface chemistry, and their mechanical properties, particle‐embedded polymer composites can exhibit synergistic effects with improved chemical and mechanical stability, enhanced dispersion of NPs, and optimized and stimuli‐responsive optical properties. Here, an overview of recent progresses in the development of smart windows based on electro‐, thermo‐, and mechanoactuations is provided. Additional functionalities, e.g., flexibility, stretchability, and mechanical/chemical stability, can also be achieved by careful choices of NPs and polymers.     

基于SMC-SVPWM的PMSMDTC转矩脉动抑制研究

本文提出一个基于滑模控制(SMC)和空间矢量脉宽调制(SVPWM)技术对PMSMDTC转矩脉动抑制的新方法,采用滑模控制取代两个滞环比较器,得到交-直轴参考电压,用SVPWM技术调制参考电压。这样不仅可以解决滞环比较器的带宽导致的转矩脉动,还可提高精准度和响应速度,也能减小转矩脉动,仿真实验结果证明了此方法的有效性。同时还论述了PI控制器参数对系统性能的重要影响。     

Tumor Metabolism‐Engineered Composite Nanoplatforms Potentiate Sonodynamic Therapy via Reshaping Tumor Microenvironment and Facilitating Electron–Hole Pairs’ Separation

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) depletion and low ROS production that result from the intratumoral redox metabolism equilibrium and low energy conversion efficiency from ultrasound mechanical energy to ROS‐represented chemical energy, respectively, are two vital inhibitory factors of sonodynamic therapy (SDT). To address the two concerns, a tumor metabolism‐engineered composite nanoplatform capable of intervening intratumoral ROS metabolism, breaking the redox equilibrium, and reshaping the tumor microenvironment is constructed to reinforce SDT against tumors. In this metabolism‐engineered nanoplatform, Nb₂C nanosheets serve as the scaffold to accommodate TiO₂ sonosensitizers and l ‐buthionine‐sulfoximine. Systematic experiments show that such nanoplatforms can reduce ROS depletion via suppressing glutathione synthesis and simultaneously improving ROS production via the Nb₂C‐enhanced production and separation of electron–hole pairs. Contributed by the combined effect, net ROS content can be significantly elevated, which results in the highly efficient anti‐tumor outcomes in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, the combined design principles, that is, tumor metabolism modulation for reducing ROS depletion and electron–hole pair separation for facilitating ROS production, can be extended to other ROS‐dependent therapeutic systems.