二维金属有机框架材料的合成及电催化应用

二维金属有机框架材料(MOFs)由于具备高比表面积、 多孔性以及丰富的活性位点等优异特性而受到广泛关注, 并且在电催化领域展现出巨大的应用潜力. 研究者们已在二维MOFs的可控制备与电催化性能调控方面取得许多突破性进展, 显示出相关研究对开发高性能电催化剂的关键作用. 本文总结了二维MOFs的自上而下和自下而上合成策略以及二维MOFs衍生物的典型合成方法, 概述了二维MOFs在各尺度下的电催化性能调控策略, 并介绍了各种合成方法和调控策略在电催化中的应用. 最后讨论了该领域面临的挑战, 并对未来的发展方向进行了展望.     

Mono- and Di-Fucosylated Glycans of the Parasitic Worm S. mansoni are Recognized Differently by the Innate Immune Receptor DC-SIGN

The parasitic worm, Schistosoma mansoni, expresses unusual fucosylated glycans in a stage-dependent manner that can be recognized by the human innate immune receptor DC-SIGN, thereby shaping host immune responses. We have developed a synthetic approach for mono- and bis-fucosylated LacdiNAc (LDN-F and LDN-DF, respectively), which are epitopes expressed on glycolipids and glycoproteins of S. mansoni. It is based on the use of monosaccharide building blocks having carefully selected amino-protecting groups, facilitating high yielding and stereoselective glycosylations. The molecular interaction between the synthetic glycans and DC-SIGN was studied by NMR and molecular modeling, which demonstrated that the α1,3-fucoside of LDN-F can coordinate with the Ca²⁺-ion of the canonical binding site of DC-SIGN allowing for additional interactions with the underlying LDN backbone. The 1,2-fucoside of LDN-DF can be complexed in a similar manner, however, in this binding mode GlcNAc and GalNAc of the LDN backbone are placed away from the protein surface resulting in a substantially lower binding affinity. Glycan microarray binding studies showed that the avidity and selectivity of binding is greatly enhanced when the glycans are presented multivalently, and in this format Le^x and LDN-F gave strong responsiveness, whereas no binding was detected for LDN-DF. The data indicates that S. mansoni has developed a strategy to avoid detection by DC-SIGN in a stage-dependent manner by the addition of a fucoside to a number of its ligands.     

Investigating aroma diversity combining purge‐and‐trap,comprehensive two‐dimensional gas chromatography,and mass spectrometry

Headspace gas chromatography is frequently used for aroma profiling thanks to its ability to naturally exploit the volatility of aroma compounds, and also to provide chemical information on sample composition. Its main advantages rely on simplicity, no use of solvent, amenability to automation, and the cleanliness of the extract. In the present contribution, the most effective sampling (dynamic extraction), separation (multidimensional gas chromatography), and detection (mass spectrometry) techniques for untargeted analysis are exploited in combination, showing their potential in unraveling aroma profiles in fruit beers. To complete the overall analytical process, a neat workflow for data analysis is discussed and used for the successful characterization and identification of five different beer flavors (berries, cherry, banana, apple, and peach). From the technical viewpoint, the coupling of purge‐and‐trap, comprehensive two‐dimensional gas chromatography, and mass spectrometry makes the global methodology unique, and it is for the first time discussed. A (low‐)flow modulation approach allowed for the full transfer into the second dimension with mass‐spectrometry compatible flow (< 7 mL/min), avoiding the need of splitting before detection and making the overall method sensitive (1.2–5.2‐fold higher signal to noise ratio compared to unmodulated gas chromatography conditions) and selective.     

CPM中相关同步技术的研究

针对连续相位调制系统,提出了一种利用相关器来辅助实现同步的方法,分为差分相关、绝对相位相关两种方法.通过MATLAB仿真,分析了两种相关方法的性能.在性能最佳的基础上,提出了一种利用FPGA实现的简化算法,节省了FPGA芯片的逻辑资源,使相关器的FPGA有效实现变为可能.     

罗丹明B的飞秒双光子荧光显微成像研究

利用宽带飞秒振荡器作为激发光源搭建了双光子荧光显微成像系统,在飞秒脉冲的宽带激发下,测量了罗丹明B溶液的双光子荧光光谱,开展了罗丹明B固体样品的双光子荧光显微成像研究。在双光子荧光显微成像研究中,通过调节激发脉冲的功率,分析了双光子荧光强度和激发脉冲功率之间的关系,并且利用半波片改变线偏振激发光场的偏振方向,研究了双光子荧光强度随激发脉冲偏振方向的变化趋势,实现了双光子荧光强度的类正弦调制。     

剪切模式压电光纤调制器

设计了一种基于剪切模式振荡的光纤光调制器.实验中,利用压电陶瓷控制2段对接光纤的相对截面积,在初始位置光束无损耗的全部通过,在压电陶瓷管切向形变为光纤内径r时,输出光强为零.本光纤信号调制器属于光的振幅调制器,调制度可达到100%,信噪比(SNR)约为25 dB,带宽约为200 kHz.     

基于微结构光纤自相位调制效应全光再生研究

利用微结构光纤作为非线性介质,实现了基于自相位调制(SPM)效应的全光再生.分析了脉冲峰值功率、脉冲宽度和滤波器参量对再生特性的影响,比较了具有正常色散和反常色散的2种微结构光纤的光再生效果.结果表明:采用具有正常色散或反常色散的微结构光纤均可以实现较好的光再生效果,但正常色散可以降低展宽频谱中的震荡结构,获得更好的传输函数;输入光纤的峰值功率必需达到一定的强度值,同时选择好滤波器的中心波长和滤波带宽才能得到满意的再生效果,通过优化这些参量将会获得更好的光再生效果.     

光学稀疏孔径成像复合孔径阵列结构研究

对环型、Y型和Golay6等典型的光学稀疏孔径成像系统,给出了最大和最小填充因子,结果表明,最大填充因子只与子孔径的数目有关.提出一种建立在典型光学稀疏孔径阵型基础上的复合孔径阵列结构,给出了3种不同复合孔径阵列结构形式,在填充因子相同的情况下,用计算机仿真子孔径间距变化、子阵列旋转对调制传递函数(MTF)的影响,并对系统模拟成像及噪后的图像进行重构,使用相关系数对图像质量进行评价.结果表明,这种复合孔径阵列结构通过复制子阵列能够扩大系统的口径,而且具有易于加工、装调方便的特点.     

写光波长对光折变空间光调制器分辨率的影响

结合光学实验及数值模拟,对写光波长的变化对基于Bi12SiO20(BSO)光折变晶体的光寻址空间光调制器(SLM)的调制传递函数(MTF)空间频率响应的影响进行了分析.光学实验分析结果和数值模拟分析相吻合,写光波长以及电荷位置对SLM的MTF空间频率响应的影响在本质上得到了统一.根据分析及讨论,较短波长的写光有利于获得较好的MTF空间频率响应.     

基于迈克耳逊干涉仪的空间调制型干涉成像光谱仪

试制了一台基于迈克耳逊干涉仪的空间调制型干涉成像光谱仪原理样机。样机将迈克耳逊干涉仪光路中的一面反射镜偏转一个小角度,使经两平面镜反射后的两束光波面之间产生一维连续的光程差,在图像传感器的像面上形成空间调制干涉条纹,构成空间调制型干涉成像光谱仪。一系列原理验证性实验表明:光谱仪原理正确可行,实验结果与理论相符,并且具有高通量,高信噪比,大视场和体积小,重量轻的优点。