贴片电阻表面缺陷自动识别方法

贴片电阻生产过程中的缺陷主要依靠人工在显微镜下检测,速度慢、长期成本高、误检率高.针对贴片电阻单元具有排列整齐、结构简单、图像灰度级少的特点,在贴片电阻图像二值化、边缘提取、直线检测基础上,以相邻电阻单元的相关系数作为电阻缺陷判别依据,提出基于子图投影匹配的快速缺陷检测方法.采用主分量分析法压缩图像数据量,提取缺陷特征,以基于支持向量机对贴片电阻缺陷进行分类并建立实验系统.缺陷检测及识别实验表明,缺陷检测正确率为92.5oo,算法的快速性和识别准确度满足系统快速高精的要求.     

SVM自适应波束成形算法

在天线阵列过载,以及强干扰与期望用户信号夹角过近的情况下,传统的线性阵列信号处理算法,如MMSE(minimum mean-squareerror)、NLMS(Normalized Least Mean Squares)等表现并不理想。SVM(SupportVectorMachine)是机器学习领域的最新成果,有较强的泛化能力,收敛快以及低复杂度等优点。本文提出了在上行波束成形中使用SVM算法,提高空域滤波的分辨率,与其他相关算法相比较,系统性能有了明显的改进。     

In silico prediction and screening of γ‐secretase inhibitors by molecular descriptors and machine learning methods

γ‐Secretase inhibitors have been explored for the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Methods for prediction and screening of γ‐secretase inhibitors are highly desired for facilitating the design of novel therapeutic agents against AD, especially when incomplete knowledge about the mechanism and three‐dimensional structure of γ‐secretase. We explored two machine learning methods, support vector machine (SVM) and random forest (RF), to develop models for predicting γ‐secretase inhibitors of diverse structures. Quantitative analysis of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was performed to further examine and optimize the models. Especially, the Youden index (YI) was initially introduced into the ROC curve of RF so as to obtain an optimal threshold of probability for prediction. The developed models were validated by an external testing set with the prediction accuracies of SVM and RF 96.48 and 98.83% for γ‐secretase inhibitors and 98.18 and 99.27% for noninhibitors, respectively. The different feature selection methods were used to extract the physicochemical features most relevant to γ‐secretase inhibition. To the best of our knowledge, the RF model developed in this work is the first model with a broad applicability domain, based on which the virtual screening of γ‐secretase inhibitors against the ZINC database was performed, resulting in 368 potential hit candidates. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2010     

基于图像处理技术与支持向量机的鱼龄识别

采用图像处理技术,提出了一种基于核主成分分析(KPCA)与支持向量机(SVM)的鱼年龄自动识别新方法。首先通过KPCA提取鱼的耳石图像的主元,然后用SVM对鱼的年龄进行学习、识别和预测。实验表明,该方法取得了较好的效果。     

融合CDI和LBP的人脸特征提取与识别算法

针对光照、姿态和表情对人脸识别率造成严重影响的问题,提出了结合笛卡儿微分不变量(CDI,cartesian differential invariant)和LBP(local binary patterns)的人脸特征抽取与识别算法。首先,利用高斯微分算子抽取人脸图像的微分结构,组合这些微分结构得到一个不可约简的笛卡儿CDI集。其次,对CDI集中每个分量分别计算其LBP特征,并将所有分量的LBP特征连接起来以得到人脸图像的特征。最后,运用所抽取出的人脸局部描述特征和支持向量机(SVM)分类器完成人脸图像分类与识别。试验分析表明,基于CDI的LBP特征对人脸位置、姿态、光照和表情的变化具有较高的不变性。该算法在ORL和Yale人脸库中分别取得了98.5%和98.89%的识别率。     

模糊多类SVM模型

利用SVM处理多类分类问题,是当前的研究热点之一.本文提出了一种模糊多类支持向量机模型,即FMSVM.该方法是在Weston等人提出的多类SVM模型中引入模糊成员函数,针对每个输入数据对分类结果的不同影响,该模糊成员函数得到相应的值,由此得到不同的惩罚值.从而在构造分类超平面时,可以忽略那些对分类结果影响很小的数据.理论分析与数值实验都表明,该算法具有良好的鲁棒性.     

基于在线HHT和SVM的汽油机轻微漏气故障识别方法

针对汽油机轻微漏气故障会被闭环反馈控制所掩盖,提出了一种基于在线希尔伯特变换(Hilbert-Huang Transform,HHT)和支持向量机(Support vector machine,SVM)的两阶段微小故障识别方法(Online HHT-SVM,OHS).第一阶段在嵌入式两滑动时间窗内通过HHT对发动机空燃比数据流进行在线时频分析,以实时获取空燃比发生异常的时刻;第二阶段通过SVM对异常时刻的数据流故障模式进行离线识别.根据氧传感器信号特征,对经验模态分解(Empirical mode decomposition,EMD)算法进行了改进,并从理论上进行了证明.基于两款发动机的实际运行数据验证了该方法的有效性.     

Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-mass spectrometry of cuticular lipid profiles can differentiate sex, age, and mating status of Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes

Malaria is a devastating mosquito-borne disease, which affects hundreds of millions of people each year. It is transmitted predominantly by Anopheles gambiae, whose females must be >10 days old to become infective. In this study, cuticular lipids from a laboratory strain of this mosquito species were analyzed using a mass spectrometry method to evaluate their utility for age, sex and mating status differentiation. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS), in conjunction with an acenaphthene/silver nitrate matrix preparation, was shown to be 100% effective in classifying A. gambiae females into 1, 7–10, and 14 days of age. MALDI-MS analysis, supported by multivariate statistical methods, was also effective in detecting cuticular lipid differences between the sexes and between virgin and mated females. The technique requires further testing, but the obtained results suggest that MALDI-MS cuticular lipid spectra could be used for age grading of A. gambiae females with precision greater than with other available methods.     

支持向量机在胎膜早破预测中的应用

为快速、准确地对胎膜早破进行预测,首次应用了一种新型的数据挖掘技术-支持向量机预测模型.该模型针对所获取的胎膜早破及正常破膜数据集100个病例进行建模,并与神经网络、Logistic回归建模的性能进行了比较.结果表明,支持向量机具有可调参数少、学习速度快等优点,计算所得到的结果无论从准确率,还是所获取知识的可理解性等方面,都优于常用的神经网络等方法.用支持向量机方法建立的胎膜早破预测模型合理可行.