Partial molal volumes of ions in organic solvents from ultrasonic vibration potential and density measurements. III. Dimethylsulfoxide

The partial molal volumes of Li⁺, Na⁺, K⁺, Rb⁺, Cs⁺, Cl^–, Br^–, I^–, and NO ₃ ^- in DMSO at 25°C have been determined from ultrasonic vibration potential data and density data for solutions of uni-univalent electrolytes. Hepler's semiemprirical equation has been used to split ionic partial molal volumes into geometric and electrostrictive contributions. The results obtained in this work confirm the conclusion of our previous studies, namely, that the contribution of electrostriction is essentially determined by the properties of that layer of atoms, 0.3 to 0.4 nm thick, in contact with the ion and by the degree of steric hindrance of the poles of the dipole of the solvent molecule. On the other hand, the geometric contribution depends on the size of the solvent molecule and also on the arrangement of the solvent molecules about the ions. It is shown that the geometric contribution to the partial molal volume of ions is largely increased when ions cannot come close enough to the poles of the solvent-molecule dipole, owing to steric hindrance.     

Use of 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate room temperature ionic liquids as chelate extraction solvent with 4,4,4-trifluoro-1-(2-thienyl)-1,3-butanedione

Possible use of room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) as chelate extraction solvent was evaluated by using 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([bmim][PF₆]), 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([hmim][PF₆]) and 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([omim][PF₆]). These RTILs showed high extraction performance for divalent metal cations with 4,4,4-trifluoro-1-(2-thienyl)-1,3-butanedione (Htta). The extracted metals were back-extracted into 1 mol dm⁻³ nitric acid quantitatively. Furthermore, the extracted species were estimated as neutral hydrated complexes M(tta)₂(H₂O)_n (n= 1 or 2) for M = Ni, Cu and Pb and anionic complexes M(tta)₃⁻ for M = Mn, Co, Zn and Cd.     

Complexation of 6-Deoxy-6-(aminoethyl)amino-β-cyclodextrin with Sodium Cholate and Sodium Deoxycholate

In order to study its guest binding and the inclusion phenomena, 6-deoxy-6-(aminoethyl)amino--cyclodextrin (CDN) was synthesised and its binding properties examined. The complexation phenomena of sodium cholate (NaC) and sodium deoxycholate (NaDC) with CDN has been monitored by the NMR method using ¹³C chemical shift data. The method of continuous variation Job's method has been used to determine the stoichiometry of these supramolecular complexes. The Job's plot confirms the 1 : 1 supramolecular complex for NaC: CDN and the 1 : 2 supramolecular complex for NaDC: CDN. The interaction of NaC and NaDC with CDN has been obtained through two-dimensional Rotational Nuclear Overhauser Effect Spectroscopy (ROESY) NMR. Equilibrium constants were also obtained from ¹³C chemical shift data (C-1, C-3 & C-4) at different pH values (7, 9, & 11).     

A facile method for the synthesis of 3,1-benzooxazines from N-acyl-2-(alk-2-enyl)anilines

Electrophilic addition of HCl or Br₂ to N-acyl-2-(alk-2-enyl)anilines is accompanied by intramolecular cyclization of these amides to give 3,1-benzooxazine hydrochlorides or hydrobromides in high yields.     

Synthesis of 2-(α-Hydroxyalkyl)-2-Oxazoline under Microwave Irradiation in Bluk

Four 2-(α-hydroxyalkyl)-2-oxazolines and a 2-(α-hydroxy-α,α-diphenyl)-2-benzooxazole were synthesized from β-amimoalcohols and α-hydroxy carboxylic acids under microwave irradiation in the absence of a solvent.     

基于“模拟电路”课程开展五环导学法的研究

模拟电路课程在理论性、实践性和工程性等方面的表现均十分突出,是高校学员学习非常吃力的一门课程,如何提高课堂效率,充分利用课前、课中、课后的时间提高学员的理论基础和综合素质,是目前高校模拟电路教学工作中亟待解决的问题。本文以模拟电路课程为依托,深入研究课程内容的特点,构思在课程中开展五环导学法的方法,设计教学活动,并给出实施的策略和方法。     

Critical Analysis of Hypothesis Tests in Federal Information Processing Standard (140-2)

This work presents an analysis of the existing dependencies between the tests of the FIPS 140-2 battery. Two main analytical approaches are utilized, the first being a study of correlations through the Pearson’s correlation coefficient that detects linear dependencies, and the second one being a novel application of the mutual information measure that allows detecting possible non-linear relationships. In order to carry out this study, the FIPS 140-2 battery is reimplemented to allow the user to obtain p-values and statistics that are essential for more rigorous end-user analysis of random number generators (RNG).     

多传感器图像的二次匹配算法

针对光学图像的多光谱、多传感器图像的自动配准,提出了一种基于边缘重心的多传感器图像二次匹配算法.首先,通过边缘检测和相应的后期链接处理,提取出较为完整的图像边缘;然后,根据图像边缘的链码相关以及区域不变矩策略,寻找匹配边缘,并对已匹配边缘的重心进行一致性检验获得控制点对;最后,采用最小二乘法估计图像粗匹配变换参数.在粗匹配的基础上,根据匹配后图像共有区域内边缘的主要方向和重心,再次对图像进行细匹配,修正匹配参数以提高匹配精度.多种遥感图像数据的配准实验和对比试验证实了该自动算法具有较高的可靠性和配准精度.     

变系数计量经济学联立模型的局部线性工具向量估计及其性质

联立方程计量经济学模型在经济政策制定、经济结构分析和经济预测方面起着重要作用。本文首次提出了我国宏观经济的一类变系数联立模型,并建立了函数系数的局部线性工具向量估计,同时在时间点列固定设计、经济变量随机设计条件下,研究了估计量的大样本性质。与我国宏观经济经典线性联立模型相比,变系数联立模型拟合效果更优。另外它也有助于克服我国宏观经济数据不多而造成的非参数方法应用困难的现实情况。     

测量平衡器件混合模S参数的数学巴伦法

由于传统网络分析仪各测量端口都是单端的,无法通过直接测量得到平衡器件混合模散射参数(S参数).数学巴伦法是一种数学上的处理方法,在实际测量时将每个差分端口的两端分别与地看作一个单端(非平衡)端口,用普通网络分析仪测量出多端口非平衡S参数,再经过数学处理得到平衡器件的混合模S参数,而不需外加物理巴伦.文章给出了数学巴伦法的基本理论,推导了混合模S参数与实测非平衡多端口S参数之间的关系,以一个双定向耦合器作为例验证了理论的正确性,所得混合模S参数处理结果与直接测量结果吻合很好.