SNS与SINIS结阵制作工艺的比较

国家电压基准是基于约瑟夫森量子化效应的。传统的SIS结阵具有不能快速选择特定的台阶,相位锁定时间短的问题。I-V曲线无回滞的约瑟夫森结阵,其I-V曲线单值,电压台阶宽,解决了SIS结阵的问题。美国标准技术研究院的Hamilton提出并制作高度阻尼的可编程SNS约瑟夫森结阵电压标准;德国物理技术研究院则选择SINIS结来制作可编程约瑟夫森结阵电压基准。从结构、性能和制作方法等方面对SNS和SINIS可编程约瑟夫森结阵进行了比较。     

基于SIS框架和蚁群算法的非线性多目标跟踪

该文提出一种新的非线性多目标跟踪方法用蚁群算法实现数据关联和SIS(Sequential Importance Sampling)实现对单目标的跟踪。首先根据数据关联问题对蚁群算法进行修改,考虑目标运动中的约束条件对关联概率的影响,重新定义蚁群算法中的路径和路径长度,从而利用蚁群算法寻找最短路径的能力实现对数据关联。由于SIS框架是针对非线性系统的一种较好的状态估计方法,该文将其作为对单目标进行跟踪的框架,和蚁群算法共同解决非线性情况下的多目标跟踪问题。实验对一维平面和二维平面中的多个目标进行了仿真,结果表明,将蚁群算法应用于解决数据关联问题是行之有效的。     

A low-noise SIS receiver measured from 480 GHz to 650 GHz using Nb junctions with integrated RF tuning circuits

A heterodyne receiver using an SIS waveguide mixer with two mechanical tuners has been characterized from 480 GHz to 650 GHz. The mixer uses either a single 0.5 × 0.5 µm² Nb/AlO_x/Nb SIS tunnel junction or a series array of two 1 µm² Nb tunnel junctions. These junctions have a high current density, in the range 8 – 13 kA/cm². Superconductive RF circuits are employed to tune the junction capacitance. DSB receiver noise temperatures as low as 200 ± 17 K at 540 GHz, 271 K ± 22 K at 572 GHz and 362 ± 33 K at 626 GHz have been obtained with the single SIS junctions. The series arrays gave DSB receiver noise temperatures as low as 328 ± 26 K at 490 GHz and 336 ± 25 K at 545 GHz. A comparison of the performances of series arrays and single junctions is presented. In addition, negative differential resistance has been observed in the DC I–V curve near 490, 545 and 570 GHz. Correlations between the frequencies for minimum noise temperature, negative differential resistance, and tuning circuit resonances are found. A detailed model to calculate the properties of the tuning circuits is discussed, and the junction capacitance as well as the London penetration depth of niobium are determined by fitting the model to the measured circuit resonances.     

A Multibeam SIS Mixer Module for a Focal Plane Array Receiver

The integration of many receiver units into a receiver array is a common method of improvement of imaging systems. This approach, well known in the mm band for Schottky mixer arrays, has not so far been developed for Superconductor - Insulator - Superconductor (SIS) junction mixers, which give the best sensitivity in the short mm wave range and in the submm range.We demonstrate for the first time a practical low noise multibeam receiver module using SIS mixer technology. The basis for the integration of several SIS mixers with a common local oscillator source is given by the saturation of the SIS receiver noise dependence upon local oscillator power. The module comprises three identical SIS mixers integrated with a common local oscillator, coupled through a three branch waveguide directional coupler. The multibeam module has been developed for a focal plane array receiver of the 30 meter radio telescope of the Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM).     

A low noise receiver for millimeter and submillimeter wavelengths

A broadband, low noise heterodyne receiver, suitable for astronomical use, has been built using a Pb alloy superconducting tunnel junction (SIS). The RF coupling is quasioptical via a bowtie antenna on a quartz lens and is accomplished without any tuning elements. In this preliminary version the double sideband receiver noise temperature rises from 205 K at 116 GHz to 375 K at 349 Ghz, and to 815 K at 466 GHz. This is the most versatile and sensitive receiver yet reported for sub-mm wavelengths.     

Sliding backshorts for planar circuits

The Superconductor-Insulator-Superconductor (SIS) tunnel junction is an extremely sensitive heterodyne detector at millimeter and submillimeter wavelengths. The large inherent capacitance associated with this device results in a substantial impedance mismatch with typical antennas and, therefore, requires a tuning circuit for optimum results. At frequencies where waveguide dimensions are realizable, impedance matching can be accomplished by embedding the detector in a waveguide circuit with adjustable waveguide backshorts. At higher frequencies, where waveguide dimensions become prohibitively small, a planar transmission line embedding circuit provides a reasonable alternative. Typically, such planar circuits offer no post-fabrication adjustability, resulting in demanding materials and design requirements. An adjustable planar embedding circuit based on coplanar transmission lines with movable noncontacting shorting elements has been developed. The shorting elements each consist of a thin metallic plate with an optimized arrangement of rectangular holes, placed along the insulated metallic transmission line to provide a periodic variation of the line impedance. A scadel (1–5 GHz) has shown that a large reflection coefficient, |s ₁₁|–0.5 dB, can be achieved with these sliding elements. A low frequency tuning circuit incorporating these shorting elements has been tested to demonstrate practical tuning ranges.     

一类具有非线性发生率和恢复率函数的SIS传染病模型

在传染病模型建模中,采用合理的非线性发生率所得到的动力学性态与实际更加接近,并且在实际的疾病防治过程中,由于受到医院各种医疗资源的影响,染病类的恢复率也会有一定的限制.建立了具有非线性发生率和恢复率函数的SIS传染病模型并分析了其动力学性态,分析这个模型,得到了无病平衡点和地方病平衡点的存在性和稳定性的条件,以及出现Hopf分支的条件.通过数值模拟,给出系统随两个分支参数变化的分支曲线图及系统的相图.     

SIS reaction–diffusion model with risk-induced dispersal under free boundary

A spatial susceptible–infected–susceptible epidemic model with a free boundary, where infected individuals disperse non-uniformly, is investigated in this study. Spatial heterogeneity and movement of individuals are essential factors that affect pandemics and the eradication of infectious diseases. Our goal is to investigate the effect of a dispersal strategy for infected individuals, known as risk-induced dispersal (RID), which represents the motility of infected individuals induced by risk depending on whether they are in a high- or a low-risk region. We first construct the basic reproduction number and then understand the manner in which a nonuniform movement of infected individuals affects the spreading–vanishing dichotomy of a disease in a one-dimensional domain. We conclude that even though the infected individuals reside in a high-risk initial domain, the disease can be eradicated from the region if the infected individuals move with a high sensitivity of RID as they disperse. Finally, we demonstrate our results via simulations for a one-dimensional case.     

A 691 GHz sis receiver for radio astronomy

We report the development of a low noise heterodyne receiver optimized for astronomical observations in the 650 GHz atmospheric window, and specifically for the CO(J=65) line at 691.5 GHz. The system is based on an open structure SIS heterodyne mixer pumped by a continuously tunable solid state oscillator. A niobium SIS junction double array is placed at the end of an integrated V-Antenna. For broad band impedance matching a combination of microstrip impedance transformer and radial stub was used. Receiver noise temperatures of 550 K DSB at 684 GHz were achieved at a 1.8 K physical temperature. The performance improved substantially when decreasing the temperature from 4.2 to 1.8 K. Comparison of model calculations and Fourier transform direct detection measurements of the tuning structure implies that this effect is likely due to the coincidence of operational frequency and the gap frequency of the niobium.