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91.
本文介绍了目前国内外研究者们提出的各种射频激励相干阵列波导CO2激光器技术,讨论了射频激励相干阵列波导CO2激光器技术的一个研究方向。 相似文献
92.
93.
A technique for designing efficient checkers for conventional Berger code is proposed in this paper. The check bits are derived by partitioning the information bits into two blocks, and then using an addition array to sum the number of 1's in each block. The check bit generator circuit uses a specially designed 4-input 1's counter. Two other types of 1's counters having 2 and 3 inputs are also used to realize checkers for variable length information bits. Several variations of 2-bit adder circuits are used to add the number of 1's. The check bit generator circuit uses gates with fan-in of less than or equal to 4 to simplify implementation in CMOS. The technique achieves significant improvement in gate count as well as speed over existing approaches. 相似文献
94.
V. Székely M. Rencz J.M. Karam M. Lubaszewski B. Courtois 《Journal of Electronic Testing》1998,12(1-2):81-92
With the increasing power density in integrated systems resulting from scaling down, the occurrence of field failures due to overheating has considerably increased. Faulty operation can be prevented by on-line temperature monitoring. This paper deals with questions of on-line temperature monitoring in safety-critical systems. First the possible temperature sensors are reviewed and basic principles of self-checking systems including such sensors are detailed, then a new temperature sensor cell with extremely good parameters designed especially for DfTT applications is presented. The basic questions of integrating thermal sensors into self-checking systems are also discussed. 相似文献
95.
M. Nicolaidis 《Journal of Electronic Testing》1991,1(4):257-273
It has been noted by several authors that the classical stuck-at logical fault model might not be an appropriate representation of certain real failures occurring in integrated circuits. Shorts are an important class of such faults. This article gives a detailed analysis of the effects of shorts in self-checking circuits and proposes techniques for dealing with them. More precisely, we show that, unlike other faults such as stuck-at, stuck-on, and stuck-open—which produce only single errors in the place they occur—shorts can produce double errors on the two shorted lines. In particular, feedback shorts can produce double errors on the two shorted lines. The double error is unidirectional for some feedback shorts and non-unidirectional for some others. Furthermore, in some technologies (e.g., CMOS), non-feedback shorts can also produce double non-unidirectional errors. We also show that unlike stuck-at, stuck-on, and stuck-open faults, redundant shorts can destroy the SFS property. Then we propose several techniques for coping with these problems and we illustrate the results by circuit implementation examples.The present study is given for NMOS and CMOS circuits but we show that it is valid for any other technology. 相似文献
96.
V. N. Lopatin A. D. Aponasenko N. V. Shepelevich 《Journal of Applied Spectroscopy》1997,64(6):825-831
We investigate the possibilities of creating a method for estimating the optical constants, dimensions, and concentrations
of “soft” absorbing particles by applying a theoretical analysis of the angular dependence of the intergrated indicatrix,
overall characteristics of light scattering, and absorption on the phase shift and diffraction parameter of particles in the
brightening band region. We show that using the investigated optical characteristics, it is possible to determine the unknown
parameters of a suspension from experimental data.
Institute of Biophysics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Akademgorodok, Krasnoyarsk, 660036, Russia. Translated
from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 6, pp. 807–812, November–December, 1997. 相似文献
98.
Bernards T.N.M. Huls B.G. van Bommel M.J. 《Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology》1997,10(2):193-202
This article describes the SmartKom Companion, one of three demonstrators developed within the SmartKom project whose goal
has been to provide an intuitive and intelligent interface for non-expert users to everyday computer-based applications in
different scenarios of use. Conceived for the SmartKom Mobile scenario, the Companion allows intuitive multimodal interaction
for drivers and pedestrians. The development of the SmartKom prototypes was constantly accompanied by Wizard-of-Oz experiments
as well as system evaluations at different stages of the project. Some usability evaluation results relative to the SmartKom
Companion will also be presented. 相似文献
99.
The effects of radiofrequency (RF) (1–4) and magnetic fields (5–9) on the behavior of aqueous solutions and suspensions have been a popular subject in recent years. The mechanism of the magnetic “water memory” effect, though, is still largely unknown (5). In this work, we present evidence that the primary “receptor” of the electromagnetic radiation is a gas/liquid interface. Gas can be either already present in water or produced by the effects of electromagnetic fields. Perturbed gas/liquid interfaces require hours to equilibrate. Certain RF and magnetic signals also produce reactive oxygen and hydrogen species (superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, hydrogen, atomic hydrogen). The perturbed gas/liquid interface modifies the hydrogen bonding networks in water and also the hydration of ions and interfaces. Careful outgassing removes all of the effects of the electromagnetic fields, including the magnetic memory effect. The amplitude of the applied field influences the observed effects. Different amplitudes of RF radiation perturb the interfacial water in different ways and consequently affect the behavior of colloids and ions in specific manners. For instance, the bulk and template precipitation of calcium carbonate, zeta potentials of suspended colloids, rate of dissolution of colloidal silica, and attachment of colloidal silica to metal surfaces are modified in specific ways with the low amplitude or high amplitude RF treatments described in this paper. The solubility/diffusivity of gas species is also modified in a different manner, and it is probably at the core of the specificity of the RF amplitude effects. 相似文献
100.
The ethanol effect on the Trichoderma reesei cellulases was studied to quantify and clarify this inhibition type. To determine inhibition parameters of crude cellulase
and purified exoglucanase Cel7A, integrated Michaelis-Menten equations were used assuming the presence of two inhibitors:
cellobiose as the reaction product and ethanol as a possible bioproduct of cellulose fermentation.
It was found that hydrolysis of cellulose by crude enzyme follows a model that considers noncompetitive inhibition by ethanol,
whereas Cel7A is very slightly competitively inhibited. Crude cellulase is much more inhibited (K
iul=K
icl=151.9 mM) than exoglucanase Cel7A (K
icl=1.6 × 1015 mM). Also, calculated inhibition constants showed that cellobiose inhibition is more potent than ethanol inhibition both for
the crude enzyme as well as exoglucanase Cel7A. 相似文献