Semi-adiabatic Shinnar–Le Roux pulses and their application to diffusion tensor imaging of humans at 7T

The adiabatic Shinnar–Le Roux (SLR) algorithm for radiofrequency (RF) pulse design enables systematic control of pulse parameters such as bandwidth, RF energy distribution and duration. Some applications, such as diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) at high magnetic fields, would benefit from RF pulses that can provide greater B₁ insensitivity while adhering to echo time and specific absorption rate (SAR) limits. In this study, the adiabatic SLR algorithm was employed to generate 6-ms and 4-ms 180° semi-adiabatic RF pulses which were used to replace the refocusing pulses in a twice-refocused spin echo (TRSE) diffusion-weighted echo planar imaging (DW-EPI) sequence to create two versions of a twice-refocused adiabatic spin echo (TRASE) sequence. The two versions were designed for different trade-offs between adiabaticity and echo time. Since a pair of identical refocusing pulses is applied, the quadratic phase imposed by the first is unwound by the second, preserving the linear phase created by the excitation pulse. In vivo images of the human brain obtained at 7 Testa (7 T) demonstrate that both versions of the TRASE sequence developed in this study achieve more homogeneous signal in the diffusion-weighted images than the conventional TRSE sequence. Semi-adiabatic SLR pulses offer a more B₁-insensitive solution for diffusion preparation at 7 T, while operating within SAR constraints. This method may be coupled with any EPI readout trajectory and parallel imaging scheme to provide more uniform coverage for diffusion tensor imaging at 7 T and 3 T.     

A primitive-variable Riemann method for solution of the shallow water equations with wetting and drying

A Riemann flux that uses primitive variables rather than conserved variables is developed for the shallow water equations with nonuniform bathymetry. This primitive-variable flux is both conservative and well behaved at zero depth. The unstructured finite-volume discretization used is suitable for highly nonuniform grids that provide resolution of complex geometries and localized flow structures. A source-term discretization is derived for nonuniform bottom that balances the discrete flux integral both for still water and in dry regions. This primitive-variable formulation is uniformly valid in wet and dry regions with embedded wetting and drying fronts. A fully nonlinear implicit scheme and both nonlinear and time-linearized explicit schemes are developed for the time integration. The implicit scheme is solved by a parallel Newton-iterative algorithm with numerically computed flux Jacobians. A concise treatment of characteristic-variable boundary conditions with source terms is also given. Computed results obtained for the one-dimensional dam break on wet and dry beds and for normal-mode oscillations in a circular parabolic basin are in very close agreement with the analytical solutions. Other results for a forced breaking wave with friction interacting with a sloped bottom demonstrate a complex wave motion with wetting, drying and multiple interacting wave fronts. Finally, a highly nonuniform, coastline-conforming unstructured grid is used to demonstrate an unsteady simulation that models an artificial coastal flooding due to a forced wave entering the Gulf of Mexico.     

飞秒光参量放大中三波群速失配的补偿

为了消除群速失配对参量放大的不利影响，描述了利用脉冲波面倾斜与非共线相位匹配相结 合，完全补偿飞秒光参量放大（OPA）中三波群速失配的新方法.计算了在BBOⅠ类、Ⅱ类相 位匹配条件下， 三波实现群速匹配时，相位匹配角、脉冲波面倾斜角以及非共线角随信号 光波长的变化.并分析了三波群速匹配对空间走离长度、参量增益和参量带宽的影响.结果表 明，在BBOⅠ类、Ⅱ类相位匹配条件下，利用该方法均能实现飞秒OPA连续调谐时三波的群速 匹配，从而大大增加了三波的有效互作用长度，为能够获得高增益，窄脉宽的参量光脉冲提 供了理论依据和指导. 关键词： 群速匹配 脉冲波面倾斜 非共线相位匹配 飞秒光参量放大     

An end‐to‐end alternative to TCP PEPs: Initial Spreading,a TCP fast start‐up mechanism

While Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) Performance Enhancing Proxy (PEP) solutions have long been undisputed to solve the inherent satellite problems, the improvement of the regular end‐to‐end TCP congestion avoidance algorithms and the recent emphasis on the PEPs drawbacks have opened the question of the PEPs sustainability. Nevertheless, with a vast majority of Internet connections shorter than ten segments, TCP PEPs continue to be required to counter the poor efficiency of the end‐to‐end TCP start‐up mechanisms. To reduce the PEPs dependency, designing a new fast start‐up TCP mechanism is therefore a major concern. But, while enlarging the Initial Window (IW) up to ten segments is, without any doubt, the fastest solution to deal with a short‐lived connection in an uncongested network, numerous researchers are concerned about the impact of the large initial burst on an already congested network. Based on traffic observations and real experiments, Initial Spreading has been designed to remove those concerns whatever the load and type of networks. It offers performance similar to a large IW in uncongested network and outperforms existing end‐to‐end solutions in congested networks. In this paper, we show that Initial Spreading, taking care of the satellite specificities, is an efficient end‐to‐end alternative to the TCP PEPs. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

2.4GHz产品巴西Anatel认证的RF要求

详细介绍了巴西Anatel认证RF测试部分对于蓝牙和Wi-Fi 802.11b＋g产品的要求和测试方法,并对于各个测试项目在实际测试中需要注意的问题进行解析,最后分析了相关通用国际标准在认证中的适用性。     

使用自适应RF预失真技术改善放大器线性的研究

RF功率放大器对信号造成的非线性失真会产生邻道干扰，并降低信号质量，因此宽带通信系统对功率放大器的线性提出了严格的要求。本文提出了可以改善功率放大器线性的自适应RF预失真电路的模型，描述了自适应RF预失真的实现过程；介绍了现有的一些自适应预失真技术，具体分析了常用的矩形功函数预失真技术和最小功率自适应方法；通过仿真进一步证明了预失真技术可大大提高RF功率放大器的线性度。     

射频磁控溅射ZnO薄膜的光致发光

用射频磁控溅射法在硅衬底上沉积出具有良好的择优取向的多晶ZnO薄膜.在室温下进行光致发光测量,观察到明显的紫光发射(波长为402nm)和弱的紫外光发射 (波长为384nm).紫光发射源于氧空位浅施主能级到价带顶的电子跃迁;紫外光发射则源于导带与价带之间的电子跃迁.随着光激发强度的增加,紫光发射强度超线性增强,且稍有蓝移,而紫外光发光强度则近似线性增加.在氧气中高温退火后,薄膜结晶质量明显提高,紫光发射强度变弱,紫外光发射相对增强.     

射频磁控溅射ZnO薄膜的微结构与光学特性

研究了膜厚对ZnO薄膜微结构和光学性能的影响。采用射频磁控溅射法在单晶硅(111)和玻璃基片上制备了不同厚度的ZnO薄膜。通过X射线衍射、原子力显微镜和紫外可见光谱对薄膜进行了表征。结果表明薄膜结晶性能良好,在(002)晶面具有明显的c轴取向。随着薄膜厚度的增加,透射率下降,吸收边红移,禁带宽度逐渐减小。     

Functional neuroimaging of inner fields-of-view with 2D-selective RF excitations

Echo-planar imaging is widely used in functional neuroimaging but suffers from its pronounced sensitivity to field inhomogeneities that cause geometric distortions and image blurring which both limit the effective in-plane resolution achievable. In this work, it is shown how inner-field-of-view techniques based on 2D-selective RF excitations (2DRF) can be applied to reduce the field-of-view in the phase-encoding direction without aliasing and increase the in-plane resolution accordingly. Free-induction-decay (FID) EPI and echo-train-shifted (T2*-weighted) and standard (T2-weighted) spin-echo (SE) EPI with in-plane resolutions of up to 0.5×1.0 mm² (slice thickness 5 mm) were acquired at 3 T. Unwanted signal contributions of 2DRF side excitations were shifted out of the object (FID-EPI) or of the refocusing plane by tilting the excitation plane (SE-EPI). Brain activation in healthy volunteers was investigated with checkerboard and finger-tapping block-design paradigms. Brain activation could be detected with all sequences and contrasts, most reliably with FID-EPI due to its higher signal amplitude and the longer 2DRF excitation that are more sensitive to magnetic field inhomogeneities. In conclusion, inner-FOV EPI based on 2DRF excitations could help to improve the spatial resolution of fMRI of focal target regions, e.g. for applications in the spinal cord.     

BEPCII新加速管的高功率测试和老练

BEPCⅡ(北京正负电子对撞机重大改进工程)要求其直线注入器提供更高的能量和流强,为此必须改进正电子产生靶前后的加速管,以提高加速梯度,并消除原有加速管因长期运行后性能有所下降的隐患.本文叙述了新加速管的高功率测试,包括测试装置的设计、建立,微波功率源(速调管)的调试和加速管高功率测试结果及其分析.