Convergence of multistep methods for Volterra functional differential equations

Summary This paper deals with the convergence of nonstationary quasilinear multistep methods with varying step, used for the numerical integration of Volterra functional differential equations. A Perron type condition (appearing in the differential equations theory) is imposed on the increment function. This gives a generalization of some results of Tavernini ([19–21]).     

A Ten Years Monitoring of Chlorofluorocarbons at the Antarctica: Results and Perspectives

Abstract

Chlorofluorocarbons are man-made long lasting atmospheric pollutants of great environmental concern, responsible for important global change phenomena. Recently, they were replaced by hydrogenated halocarbons that, even if less persistent, do not lack in environmental impact. Atmospheric concentrations of these compounds were measured in Antarctica by gas chromatography. The extremely low atmospheric mixing ratios of these compounds require a pre-concentration step of the air sample on suitable adsorbent in order to meet the sensitivity of the analytical method Results obtained analyzing air samples collected in Antarctica since 1988 for the determination of CFC-12 and CFC-11 are reported, together with data concerning the less abundant species.     

Metabolic profile of glyburide in human liver microsomes using LC‐DAD‐Q‐TRAP‐MS/MS

The sulfonylurea urea drug glyburide (glibenclamide) is widely used for the treatment of diabetes milletus and gestational diabetes. In previous studies monohydroxylated metabolites were identified and characterized for glyburide in different species, but the metabolite owing to the loss of cyclohexyl ring was identified only in mouse. Glyburide upon incubation with hepatic microsomes resulted in 10 metabolites for human. The current study identifies new metabolites of glyburide along with the hydroxylated metabolites that were reported earlier. The newly identified drug metabolites are dihydroxylated metabolites, a metabolite owing to the loss of cyclohexyl ring and one owing to hydroxylation with dehydrogenation. Among the 10 identified metabolites, there were six monohydroxylated metabolites, one dihydroxylated metabolite, two metabolites owing to hydroxylation and dehydrogenation, and one metabolite owing to the loss of cyclohexyl ring. New metabolites of glyburide were identified and characterized using liquid chromatography–diode array detector–quadruple‐ion trap–mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (LC‐DAD‐Q‐TRAP‐MS/MS). An enhanced mass scan–enhanced product ion scan with information‐dependent acquisition mode in a Q‐TRAP‐MS/MS system was used to characterize the metabolites. Liquid chromatography with diode array detection was used as a complimentary technique to confirm and identify the metabolites. Metabolites formed in higher amounts were detected in both diode array detection and mass spectrometry detection. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

In vivo metabolism study of bergenin in rats by HPLC‐QTOF mass spectrometry

Bergenin is the major component of Ardisia creanta sims and Rodgersia sambucifolia hemsl with many biological activities. Although bergenin has been used to treat human diseases in China for man years, there is no report regarding its metabolism. This is the first report to separate and identify the metabolites of bergenin in vivo. In the study, HPLC/Q‐TOF‐MS/MS was used to investigate the metabolites of bergenin in vivo by analyzing the rat body fluid and feces samples. Three metabolites of bergenin were finally identified by the TIC chromatograms, and the structures were also confirmed by their MS² spectra. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A probabilistic framework for next best view estimation in a cluttered environment

In this article, we present an information gain-based variant of the next best view problem for occluded environment. Our proposed method utilizes a belief model of the unobserved space to estimate the expected information gain of each possible viewpoint. More precise, this belief model allows a more precise estimation of the visibility of occluded space and with that a more accurate prediction of the potential information gain of new viewing positions. We present experimental evaluation on a robotic platform for active data acquisition, however due to the generality of our approach it also applies to a wide variety of 3D reconstruction problems. With the evaluation done in simulation and on a real robotic platform, exploring and acquiring data from different environments we demonstrate the generality and usefulness of our approach for next best view estimation and autonomous data acquisition.     

水面舰艇编队的最佳防空队形探讨

最佳防御队形以编队对来袭导弹的可探测面积尽可能大为前提,并以"抗饱和攻击能力"为衡量标准.各方向的可拦截批次受两方面因素限制:一是来袭导弹被发现时其与指挥舰的距离,一般距离越大,防御准备就越充分,可拦截批次就越大;二是护卫舰到来袭导弹轨迹的距离,一般距离越小,单次拦截时间就越短,可拦截批次就越大.定义以概率1可拦截批次最小的方向为最危险方向,经计算初始队形各方向可拦截的批次不等,通过"削峰补谷"的方式予以均衡和优化.若以拦截批次的期望为标准,最危险方向与以概率1可拦截的批次为标准的结果相同.如果得到空中预警机的信息支援,在最危险方向上编队就可更早地对距离指挥舰148.4km远的导弹发起拦截,增大编队的抗饱和攻击能力,但由于防空导弹射程限制,预警机提供的信,息支援无法得到充分利用,此时限制编队抗饱和攻击能力的主要矛盾转向防空导弹的射程.     

Characterization of the chemical constituents in Hongjingtian injection by liquid chromatography quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry

Hongjingtian injection is made from Rhodiola wallichiana and used in the treatment of stable angina pectoris associated with coronary heart disease. In this study, the chemical constituents in Hongjingtian injection were comprehensively studied using liquid chromatography quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry. A total of 49 compounds were identified or assumed, including 10 organic acids, nine phenylethanoids, 10 phenylpropanoids, two flavonoid glycosides, seven monoterpene glycosides, seven octylglycosides and four other types of compounds. The structures of seven compounds were confirmed by comparing their retention times, MS and UV spectra with the corresponding authentic standards. Amongst the 49 compounds, 35 were firstly found in R. wallichiana, while they have been reported in other species of the genus Rhodiola, including Rhodiola crenulata, Rhodiola sacra, Rhodiola rosea and Rhodiola kirilowii. The possible fragmentation pathways in the mass spectrometry of the major types of compounds are proposed and summarized. Our study demonstrates a rapid method for characterizing the chemical constituents present in the Hongjingtian injection, which could also be applied to the identification of chemical constituents in other TCM formulae containing R. wallichiana.     

On the numerical feasibility of continuation methods for nonlinear programming problems

In the present paper the radius of convergence of a class of locally convergent nonlinear programming algorithms (containing Robinson's and Wilson's methods) applied to a parametric nonlinear programming problem is estimated. A consequence is the numerical feasibility of globalizations of Robinson's and Wilson's methods by means of continuation techniques.     

Riemann—Hilbert Problem for the First Order Elliptic Systems

In this article we discuss the Riemann—Hilbert problems for the first order elliptic systems and prove the existence of the solution by means of general analytic function theory and Cauchy integral formula.     

The profiling and identification of chemical components,prototypes and metabolites of Run‐zao‐zhi‐yang capsule in rat plasma,urine and bile by an UPLC‐Q‐TOF/MSE‐based high‐throughput strategy

Run‐zao‐zhi‐yang (RZZY) capsule, a traditional Chinese medicine formula, is popularly used for the treatment of dermatitis and eczema. However, few studies have been carried out on RZZY and its metabolites. In this study, we developed a three‐step strategy to rapidly characterize the chemical constituents and metabolites of RZZY using ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry. A total of 41 chemical components were characterized from RZZY. Among these, there are 11 flavonoids, six alkaloids, six stilbene glycosides, five anthraquinones and 13 other compounds. In addition, 18 prototypes and 35 metabolites were detected in rat plasma, urine and bile. This study offers an applicable approach for high‐throughput profiling and identification of chemical components and metabolites derived from traditional Chinese medicine formula in vivo, and also provides essential data for exploring bioactive ingredients and action mechanisms of RZZY.