基于级联卷积神经网络的前列腺磁共振图像分类

针对深度学习训练成本高,以及基于磁共振图像的前列腺癌临床诊断需要大量医学常识且极为耗时的问题,本文提出了一种基于级联卷积神经网络（Convolutional Neural Network,CNN）和磁共振图像的前列腺癌（Prostate Cancer,PCa）自动分类诊断方法,该网络以Faster-RCNN作为前网络,对前列腺区域进行提取分割,用于排除前列腺附近组织器官的干扰;以基于ResNet改进的网络结构CNN40_bottleneck作为后网络,用于对前列腺区域病变进行分类.后网络由瓶颈结构串联组成,其中使用批量标准化（Batch Normalization,BN）、全局平均池化（Global Average Pooling,GAP）进行优化.实验结果证明,本文方法对前列腺癌诊断结果较好,而且缩减了训练时间和参数量,有效降低了训练成本.     

Convolutional Neural Network Approach for Multispectral Facial Presentation Attack Detection in Automated Border Control Systems

Automated border control systems are the first critical infrastructure point when crossing a border country. Crossing border lines for unauthorized passengers is a high security risk to any country. This paper presents a multispectral analysis of presentation attack detection for facial biometrics using the learned features from a convolutional neural network. Three sensors are considered to design and develop a new database that is composed of visible (VIS), near-infrared (NIR), and thermal images. Most studies are based on laboratory or ideal conditions-controlled environments. However, in a real scenario, a subject’s situation is completely modified due to diverse physiological conditions, such as stress, temperature changes, sweating, and increased blood pressure. For this reason, the added value of this study is that this database was acquired in situ. The attacks considered were printed, masked, and displayed images. In addition, five classifiers were used to detect the presentation attack. Note that thermal sensors provide better performance than other solutions. The results present better outputs when all sensors are used together, regardless of whether classifier or feature-level fusion is considered. Finally, classifiers such as KNN or SVM show high performance and low computational level.     

FPGA-Implemented Fractal Decoder with Forward Error Correction in Short-Reach Optical Interconnects

Forward error correction (FEC) codes combined with high-order modulator formats, i.e., coded modulation (CM), are essential in optical communication networks to achieve highly efficient and reliable communication. The task of providing additional error control in the design of CM systems with high-performance requirements remains urgent. As an additional control of CM systems, we propose to use indivisible error detection codes based on a positional number system. In this work, we evaluated the indivisible code using the average probability method (APM) for the binary symmetric channel (BSC), which has the simplicity, versatility and reliability of the estimate, which is close to reality. The APM allows for evaluation and compares indivisible codes according to parameters of correct transmission, and detectable and undetectable errors. Indivisible codes allow for the end-to-end (E2E) control of the transmission and processing of information in digital systems and design devices with a regular structure and high speed. This study researched a fractal decoder device for additional error control, implemented in field-programmable gate array (FPGA) software with FEC for short-reach optical interconnects with multilevel pulse amplitude (PAM-M) modulated with Gray code mapping. Indivisible codes with natural redundancy require far fewer hardware costs to develop and implement encoding and decoding devices with a sufficiently high error detection efficiency. We achieved a reduction in hardware costs for a fractal decoder by using the fractal property of the indivisible code from 10% to 30% for different n while receiving the reciprocal of the golden ratio.     

Permutation Entropy-Based Interpretability of Convolutional Neural Network Models for Interictal EEG Discrimination of Subjects with Epileptic Seizures vs. Psychogenic Non-Epileptic Seizures

The differential diagnosis of epileptic seizures (ES) and psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES) may be difficult, due to the lack of distinctive clinical features. The interictal electroencephalographic (EEG) signal may also be normal in patients with ES. Innovative diagnostic tools that exploit non-linear EEG analysis and deep learning (DL) could provide important support to physicians for clinical diagnosis. In this work, 18 patients with new-onset ES (12 males, 6 females) and 18 patients with video-recorded PNES (2 males, 16 females) with normal interictal EEG at visual inspection were enrolled. None of them was taking psychotropic drugs. A convolutional neural network (CNN) scheme using DL classification was designed to classify the two categories of subjects (ES vs. PNES). The proposed architecture performs an EEG time-frequency transformation and a classification step with a CNN. The CNN was able to classify the EEG recordings of subjects with ES vs. subjects with PNES with 94.4% accuracy. CNN provided high performance in the assigned binary classification when compared to standard learning algorithms (multi-layer perceptron, support vector machine, linear discriminant analysis and quadratic discriminant analysis). In order to interpret how the CNN achieved this performance, information theoretical analysis was carried out. Specifically, the permutation entropy (PE) of the feature maps was evaluated and compared in the two classes. The achieved results, although preliminary, encourage the use of these innovative techniques to support neurologists in early diagnoses.     

一种低迭代次数的极化码置信传播译码算法

针对置信传播(Belief Propagation,BP)译码算法在迭代次数较多时吞吐量和译码时延性能提升受限的问题,提出了一种低迭代次数的极化码BP译码算法,通过采用比特翻转和子信道冻结的方式,降低译码过程中的迭代次数.仿真结果表明,相对于传统极化码BP译码算法(设置最大迭代次数为40次),所提算法在信噪比为3 dB...     

深度特征筛选及融合的人脸识别方法研究

针对人脸识别问题,提出采用深度特征筛选及融合的方法.采用卷积神经网络(CNN)学习人脸图像的多层次深度特征.对于所有的深度特征矢量,使用斯皮尔曼等级相关系数筛选其中有效部分.基于支持向量机(SVM)对筛选得到的任一深度特征矢量进行分类决策,并基于线性加权融合对它们的结果进行融合,最终确定待识别样本的人脸类别.基于ORL...     

声纹的变压器放电与机械故障诊断研究

变压器中的一些放电和机械故障会产生异常声,可用于故障检测.据此,该文提出基于可听声的变压器放电和机械故障诊断方法.针对机械故障声与变压器本体噪声特征相似易混淆的问题,提出改进小波包-BP神经网络算法,与传统小波包-BP神经网络算法相比声音识别率提高了5.7％.为提高声音识别系统的泛化性,提出基于梅尔对数频谱和卷积神经网...     

大气湍流对近地无线光通信链路影响的研究

大气湍流是影响大气无线光通信系统性能的主要因素之一,其影响主要表现为光通信系统中接收端接收的光强存在闪烁效应。本文将这种闪烁效应看作是光通信系统传输的乘性噪声,对光通信系统的传输性能进行了仿真和分析并与采用Turbo码编码的系统进行了比较。仿真结果表明,Turbo码是用来抑制大气湍流影响的一种有效的编码方式。     

一种基于准正交空时码的低复杂度MIMO差分检测方法

针对可实现全速率传输的准正交空时码,提出了一种低复杂度的准正交MIMO差分检测方法.该方法在发射端对数据比特进行联合星座映射,构造准正交空时码进行差分编码;接收端采用最大似然准则对两组星座符号对(symbol pair)并行差分检测.本文提出的星座集合及联合星座映射方法简化了接收端检测算法,降低了检测计算复杂度.