基于石英球面弯曲晶体的X射线成像研究

为了诊断惯性约束聚变的聚爆靶的尺寸、形状、分布和均匀性等情况,利用X射线布拉格衍射理论,搭建了基于球面弯曲晶体的X射线背光成像系统。其核心元件是α-石英球面弯晶,α-石英晶体性质稳定,结构完整,反射率和分辨率高。弯曲晶体尺寸为65mm×20mm,弯曲半径为143.3mm。利用该背光成像系统进行了单色X射线背光成像实验。成像物体为3×3阵列的正方形不锈钢网格,利用接收装置磷屏成像板,得到清晰的Cr KαX射线背光源二维空间分辨,在9.6mm×28.7mm的视场范围内,其像的空间分辨率大约为83.3μm。实验结果表明α-石英球面弯曲晶体适合于X射线的背光诊断研究。     

Characterizing the coating and size-resolved oxidative stability of carbon-coated aluminum nanoparticles by single-particle mass-spectrometry

Aluminum nanoparticles are of significant interest in enhancing the rate of energy release from propellants. One of the major impediments to their use is that bare aluminum is highly reactive, while oxide coated aluminum significantly decreases overall performance. We investigate creating aluminum nanoparticles with a thin carbon coating using either a laser induced plasma or a DC plasma-arc. The carbon coating was created by injecting ethylene (C₂H₄) directly downstream of the plasma. The elemental composition of the coated aluminum nanoparticles was measured in real time with a recently developed quantitative single particle mass spectrometer (SPMS). We found that the aluminum nanoparticles were coated with a carbon layer of thickness around 1–3 nm.The thermal and oxidative stability of these particles was determined by passing the aerosols through a heated flow reactor in a carrier flow of either air or argon, and measuring the aluminum, carbon and oxygen content in the particles with the single particle mass spectrometer. We found that below 700°C the coating was stable, but that the coating oxidized above ∼ ∼800°C. In contrast the carbon coating was thermally stable above ∼ ∼900°C. These results indicate that a carbon coating may be a suitable passivating agent.     

广义线性模型(一)

本讲座是广义线性模型这个题目的一个比较系统的介绍。主要分 3部分 :建模、统计分析与模型选择和诊断。写作时依据的主要参考资料是L .Fahrmeir等人的《MultivariateStatisticalModelingBasedonGeneralizedLinearModels》。     

Prediction of temperature-insensitive molecular absorption lines in laser-assisted combustion diagnostics

In laser-assisted combustion diagnostics it is a recurring task to predict molecular transitions whose signal strength depends only weakly on variations in temperature. The signal strength is proportional to the Boltzmann fraction of the level probed and the amplitude of the absorption line profile. In the past investigations have been presented in which this task was attack by detailed numerical calculations of the temperature dependence of pertinent physical properties of the molecule. Another widely applied approach relies on an analytical formula for the Boltzmann fraction of hetero-nuclear diatomic molecules and the neglect of line shape effects. The analytical approach experiences a continuing popularity in laser-assisted combustion diagnostics, which is why we compared both approaches with each other. The objective of this comparison was to assess the accuracy of the analytical approach and to reveal its potential pitfalls. Our comparison revealed that the analytical approach suffers from mediocre accuracy, which makes it unfit for practical applications. One cause is the neglect of higher lying vibrational levels, which show a non-negligible population for typical flame temperatures. Another reason is the neglect of fine structure splitting in molecules with non-zero orbit angular momentum in the ground state. Another reason for the observed inaccuracy is the neglect of line shape effects quenching, which were found to have a significant effect on the temperature sensitivity of a line. Because of its insufficient accuracy due to both oversimplified models of the molecular energy levels and the neglect of line shape effects and quenching we discourage from applying the analytical approach and recommend the use of detailed numerical approaches that are free of the above limitations.     

D. CCD视频技术、等离子体诊断和脉冲辐射摄影

本文对CCD摄象技术、等离子体诊断和脉冲辐射摄影的国内外最新发展作了评述,并涉及到在高技术领域的应用。     

激光与介质薄膜作用过程的等离子体诊断

本文对YAG激光诱导介质薄膜产生的等离子体采用Mach-Zehnder干涉仪及光延迟装置进行时间序列分辨多幅干涉记录,并对序列干涉图进行电子密度及等离子体冲击波速度的计算.首次得到脉宽为15ns的1.06μm激光与介质薄膜作用在150ns以内的有关结果.     

Effect of gaunt factor correction in soft x-ray plasma diagnostics

The effect of Gaunt factor correction on temperature estimation over a range 100 to 1500 eV had been studied. Greene’s analytical expression for the quantum mechanical Gaunt factor averaged over Maxwellian distribution is used. Transmission ratios are calculated with and without Gaunt factor for various combinations of beryllium foils, taking into account x-ray emission due to free-free transitions. A significant difference (≳ 15%) is observed between the temperatures estimated from classical and quantum mechanical curves, above 600 eV. Selection of foil combinations useful for estimating higher temperatures is also discussed.     

An injection-locked single-mode tea CO2 laser for SMM laser pumping

A D₂O laser has been developed for collective Thomson scattering measurements of ion temperature in high temperature plasmas. A pulse duration and a spectral width of a high power D₂O laser has been successfully controlled for this purpose, by using a TEA CO₂ laser injection-locked by an etalon-tuned TEA CO₂ laser as a pump source.     

Langmuir双探针诊断Ne辉光放电管电子密度

应用Langmuir双探针诊断理论,对充有氖气的石英放电管中的辉光放电等离子体进行了诊断,通过实验测得伏安特性曲线,计算得出电子温度和电子密度,讨论了等离子体的宏观参量与电子温度和电子密度的关系.采用直径为0.1 mm的探针对等离子体进行诊断,不仅减小了对所测等离子体区域的扰动,而且减小了读取伏安特性曲线所带来的误差.     

Modì: a new mobile instrument for in situ double-pulse LIBS analysis

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a promising technique for in situ elemental analysis. A new mobile instrument for LIBS analysis, developed in a collaboration between Marwan Technology s.r.l. and the Applied Laser Spectroscopy Laboratory in Pisa, is presented, and some applications of it and results from it are outlined. The innovative experimental set-up, based on the use of two suitably retarded laser pulses and a standardless analysis procedure, which overcomes problems related to matrix effects, greatly improves the potential of this technique for accurate quantitative analysis.