一种用于语声转换系统的LPC残差信号生成算法

残差信号中的基音信息对语音的说话人个性特征有着重要的影响.本文首先通过转换后的语音谱包络特征参数(LSP)来预测相应的目标基音周期,再利用预测的目标基音周期来修改源语音的残差信号,从而生成所需要的目标语音残差信号.客观评测和主观听觉测试都表明,本文的残差信号生成算法(PP DCT,Pitch Prediction Discrete Cosine Trans-form)性能要好于以往的残差预测法.     

The external frame function in the control of pitch, register, and singing mode: Radiographic observations of a female singer

This study investigates pitch control, register, and singing mode related movements of the laryngo-pharyngeal structures by radiographic methods. One trained female singer served as the subject. The results show that singing voice production involves complex movements in the laryngeal structures. Pitch related increase in the thyro-arytenoid distance (vocal fold length) is nonlinear, slowing down as pitch rises. Similar observations have been made earlier. At the highest pitches, a shortening of the distance can be seen, suggesting the use of alternative pitch control mechanisms. The various observations made support the existence of three registers in this trained female singing voice. Open and covered modes of singing seemed to be distinguishable on the basis of different amounts of inner and outer forces acting on the larynx. Therefore, caution must be exercised when generalizing from the results.     

风力发电机组的电气控制

本文综述风力发电机组的电气控制。在简述风力涡轮机特性的基础上,介绍恒速发电和变速发电的特点和应用场合,重点是基于同步发电机的“直接在线”发电和基于绕线异步机的“双馈”发电系统,以及桨叶倾角控制系统。作为对未来的展望,最后介绍一种新型锥形转子风力发电机组的设想。     

Significance of Auditory and Kinesthetic Feedback to Singers'' Pitch Control

An accurate control of fundamental frequency (F0) is required from singers. This control relies on auditory and kinesthetic feedback. However, a loud accompaniment may mask the auditory feedback, leaving the singers to rely on kinesthetic feedback. The object of the present study was to estimate the significance of auditory and kinesthetic feedback to pitch control in 28 students beginning a professional solo singing education. The singers sang an ascending and descending triad pattern covering their entire pitch range with and without masking noise in legato and staccato and in a slow and a fast tempo. F0 was measured by means of a computer program. The interval sizes between adjacent tones were determined and their departures from equally tempered tuning were calculated. The deviations from this tuning were used as a measure of the accuracy of intonation. Statistical analysis showed a significant effect of masking that amounted to a mean impairment of pitch accuracy by 14 cent across all subjects. Furthermore, significant effects were found of tempo as well as of the staccato/legato conditions. The results indicate that auditory feedback contributes significantly to singers' control of pitch.     

The effect of task on determination of maximum phonational frequency range

The purpose of this study was to investigate if there was an effect of task on determination of maximum phonational frequency range (MPFR). Two tasks commonly used to elicit MPFR in clinical voice evaluations were compared. Normal adult females (N = 30) were examined. No statistically significant effect of task was found. Both tasks (glissando and discrete-step) were found to have a high positive correlation (0.84). Implications of the use of one task for determination of maximum phonational frequency range are discussed, as is the possibility of a task effect on determination of other voice parameters.     

倾斜煤柱稳定性的弹塑性分析

考虑煤体的塑性软化性质,通过极限平衡法分析了煤层倾角对煤柱稳定性的影响,并通过产例验证了该法的合理性。     

一种基于三阶统计量的基音周期检测新方法

本文利用小波变换和三阶统计量的基本特性,提出了一种小波变换与三阶统计量结合的基音周期检测新方法;在低信噪比的基音周期检测中,本方法可以获得比其它基音周期检测法更精确的结果文中还分析了压扩因子和门限因子K的选择,实验表明,K在一定范围内取值时对基音周期检测结果影响不大.     

The dynamics of length change in canine vocal folds

The time courses of vocal fold elongation and contraction have beenmeasured as a function of intrinsic laryngeal muscle activity. The superior and recurrent laryngeal nerves of anesthetized canines were stimulated supramaximally (on-off in all combinations) while the vocal folds were surgically exposed and illuminated for conventional and higher speed (300 frames per second) video recording. Microsutures were placed on various points on the vocal folds to measure elongation and contraction. Vocal fold strain, defined as elongation divided by rest length, ranged from −17% to +45%. The typical time constant for exponential increase or decrease in strain was about 30 ms. This reflects primarily the intrinsic muscle activation times rather than a passive (inertial or viscoelastic) response of cricothyroid joint rotation or translation.     

Glottal airflow and transglottal air pressure measurements for male and female speakers in low, normal, and high pitch

Measurements on the inverse filtered airflow waveform and of estimated average transglottal pressure and glottal airflow were made from syllable sequences in low, normal, and high pitch for 25 male and 20 female speakers. Correlation analyses indicated that several of the airflow measurements were more directly related to voice intensity than to fundamental frequency (F₀). Results suggested that pressure may have different influences in low and high pitch in this speech task. It is suggested that unexpected results of increased pressure in low pitch were related to maintaining voice quality, that is, avoiding vocal fry. In high pitch, the increased pressure may serve to maintain vocal fold vibration. The findings suggested different underlying laryngeal mechanisms and vocal adjustments for increasing and decreasing F₀ from normal pitch.     

节拍阈—系统生产能力分析的一个新指标

节拍是生产加工物流系统中常用的一个指标，用来表述系统的生产率。本文在此概念基础上提出了一个新名词-节拍阈，用以反映一个系统或专机设备所能达到的生产能力的上限值，文章论述了节拍阈的概念，该指标不仅用来进行系统生产能力的匹配性分析，还可能用于设计方案的分析评价。