一种改进的混合激励线性预测的基音周期估计算法

本文详细讨论了混合激励线性预测(MELP)的基音周期估计算法及其改进算法.该算法采用了分数基音周期、倍数检测等技术,保证了基音周期估计的精度.同时又采用了滑动窗的方法,使得对基音周期不规则的不平稳的语音段进行基音周期估计时的误差减小.本文最后给出了该算法的测试结果及优缺点.     

On a Speech Multiple System Implementation for Speech Synthesis

This paper proposes a voice synthesizer to convert a single speech to multiple speeches. Pitch is an important voice characteristic of speech parameter and it is produced by the periodic vibration of the vocal-cords; the parameter most sensitive for human’s auditory sense. So if you change the pitch of the voice with several different scaling rates, you can produce several different voices at the same time with a voice. The Multiple-Speech Synthesizer will be used in diverse practical applications. The cheer synthesizer that makes group voice from a single voice would be such an example. You could also use the system for a troll toy, birthday song tracks, effect sounds in movies and plays, protection systems of houses, etc. Furthermore, the synthesizer could be used to imitate the voice of famous entertainers or cartoon characters, such as the Mask-man.

TWO KINDS OF PITCH PREDICTORS IN SPEECH COMPRESSING CODING

This paper studies two kinds of methods for pitch predictor in speech compressing coding, i.e., open-loop and closed-loop structures. Some of simplified approaches for solving pitch predictor equation are suggested, and the performances are compared under several conditions. The computer simulation results are shown.     

Standardized laryngeal videostroboscopic rating: Differences between untrained and trained male and female subjects, and effects of varying sound intensity, fundamental frequency, and age

To determine the influence of the factors gender, vocal training, sound intensity, pitch, and aging on vocal function, videolaryngostroboscopic images of 214 subjects, subdivided according to gender and status of vocal training, were evaluated by three judges with standardized rating scales, comprising aspects of laryngeal appearance (larynx/pharynx ratio; epiglottal shape; asymmetry arytenoid region; compensatory adjustments; thickness, width, length, and elasticity of vocal folds) and glottal functioning (amplitudes of excursion; duration, percentage, and type of vocal fold closure; phase differences; location of glottal chink). The video registrations were made while the subjects performed a set of phonatory tasks, comprising the utterance of the vowel /i/ at three levels of both fundamental frequency and sound intensity. Analysis of the rating scales showed generally sufficient agreement among judges. With the exception of more frequently observed complete closure and lateral phase differences of vocal fold excursions in trained subjects, no further differences were established between untrained and trained subjects. With an α level of p = 0.005, men differed from women with respect to laryngeal appearance (larynx/pharynx ratio, compensatory adjustments, and the presence of omega and deviant-shaped epiglottises), and their vocal folds were rated thicker in the vertical dimension, smaller in the lateral dimension, longer, and more tense, with smaller amplitudes of excursion during vibration. Glottal closure in male subjects was rated more complete, but briefer in duration. Significant effects of the factors pitch, sound intensity, and age on vocal fold appearance and glottal functioning were ascertained. Awareness of the influence of these factors, as well as the factor gender, on the rated scales is essential for an adequate evaluation of laryngostroboscopic images.     

Gender presentation: Perceptual and acoustical analysesof voice

This study investigated the perceptual and acoustical characteristicsof vocal presentation in both the masculine and the feminine modes by the same group of male subjects. Listeners (N = 88) evaluated 22 voice samples by using 18 semantic differential scales and 57 adjectives. The 22 voice samples were provided by I I biologically male speakers, who described themselves as heterosexual crossdressers. Each speaker read a standard passage under controlled conditions. In one reading, they demonstrated their typical masculine voice and in the other they spoke in their feminine voice. Acoustical analyses included mean fundamental frequency, frequency range, overall passage duration, and duration of a sample of stressed vowels. Results indicated that listeners heard significant differences between masculine and feminine presentations across the I I speakers and the 18 semantic differential scales. Masculine-feminine and high-low pitch were the most salient scales in the perceptual judgments. Acoustical analyses indicated wide variation according to speaker and condition. Clinical applications are provided.     

中文文语转换系统中基于决策树的基频模型提取

普通话是有调语言，基频曲线是中文文语转换系统中选择单元时一个非常重要的参数。目前，许多文语转换系统都是通过人工的方法得到一些基频曲线的变化规则，并通过应用这些规则来指导单元的选择。然而，一方面由于基频曲线的变化十分复杂，人工总结的规则十分有限，另一方面规则只能是定性的．这也造成了单元选择时的不确定性。为了能更好地根据基频这个声学参数来选择语音单元，我们就必须建立文本上下文环境信息与基频曲线之间的映射关系，即基频模型，以定量地描述基频曲线的变化规律。本文从统计学的角度出发，通过决策树的方法来建立这个模型，并将这个模型应用到普通话的文语转换系统中。实验结果表明，通过本文提出的方法建立起来的基频模型基本上反映了基频曲线的变化规律，在语音合成中取得比较理想的效果。     

四声模糊识别方法

本文给出一种快速模糊声调识别方法，用一电平削波、降低采样率和线性插值等形成快速基音提取，应用模糊集合旦论，构成隶属函数对四声进行模式分类。方法具有简便、可靠、快速实时性和容差性等特点。