Power-aware hold optimization for ASIC physical synthesis

Hold timing closure is an important milestone at the physical design phase of every Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC). Many approaches have been proposed by different researchers and commercial Electronic Design Automation (EDA) providers to fix hold timing violations, but there has been no effort to study the impact of each technique on power consumption. Nowadays, the rise of low power applications demand keeps pushing for the invention of new power reduction techniques. In this paper, we presented a novel approach for power consumption reduction by reducing the power increase seen during the hold timing optimization. A sample of 100 industrial post-CTS designs from different applications and fabrication process technologies (from 180 nm to 28 nm) was used to measure the ratios of Δpower/Δhold_timing and Δarea/Δhold_timing of each technique. The ratios were calculated after legalization and global routing to include not only the power/area added directly by the hold optimization, but also the power/area increases induced indirectly by the additional timing fixes needed after placement legalization and routing repair. By considering the impact on power consumption and area increase of each technique while optimizing the design we have reduced substantially the power increase and the area overhead caused by the hold fixing. Experimental results show a power reduction of 7%, and an area reduction of 1% on average, with a beneficial impact on hold timing and a neutral impact on setup timing.     

Differential Operator Solutions of the Bauer-Peschl Equation

In this paper new solutions of the Bauer-Peschl equation represented by differential operators are derived. A relation to the solutions of Bauer is given. Furthermore, it will be said in which new way Bauer's solutions can be obtained. Also three other ways for obtaining the solutions of the Bauer-Peschl equation are sketched.     

Hybrid Wavelength and Code Division Multiple Access in Optical Networks

A review of schemes for multiple access in fiber optic networks shows that a hybrid of wavelength and code division multiple access (WCDMA) combines the best features of both. In particular, the hybrid scheme retains the large information carrying capacity of wavelength division multiple access (WDMA) and flexibility of code division multiple access (CDMA). In this paper WDMA, optical CDMA (OCDMA), and WCDMA networks are discussed. In OCDMA networks, concept of incoherent and coherent coding including inverse decoding and matched filter is introduced. The delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks, under the simple suboptimum access protocols based on cyclic search, is computed. It has been shown quantitatively that tuning delay significantly affects the delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks. Futhermore, delay performance of WCDMA networks is always better than the WDMA networks for the same tuning delay, load, and number of users.     

B对人造金刚石表面结构及性能的影响

研究了B对人造金刚石表面结构及性能的影响。结果表明,采用渗B石墨或渗B触媒合成的金刚石,表面存在有螺旋状和阶梯状生长台阶,树枝状和河流状结晶等。但对金刚石性能影响不大。含B金刚石的性能明显优于不含B金刚石。且渗B石墨对金刚石性能的影响比渗B触媒大。     

Higher-order Upwind Distribution-formula Scheme for Structured and Unstructured Adaptive Flow Solvers

The development of inviscid and viscous flow solvers for both structured and unstructured meshes is presented in this paper. The solution method is the distribution-formula scheme. This is an explicit, cell-vertex, finite volume method which is essentially second-order accurate in both space and time. The Euler and Navier-Stokes equations are integrated over each finite volume cell to determine the change in flow properties (e.g. density) for the cell. Distribution formulas are then used to distribute such changes to the surrounding vertices. Increments in each vertex (which is a calculation point) thus consist of contributions from the surrounding cells. The original discretization technique involves central differencing and is simple, robust and computationally efficient. In this work, starting with inviscid flow simulations using the original scheme on structured grids, improvements are subsequently made to the scheme by replacing the central differencing portion with MUSCL type higher-order upwind differencing. Numerical investigations with the improved scheme are performed using inviscid flow simulations on structured grids. Upon establishing improved accuracy, stability and excellent shock capturing properties, further extension to viscous flow computations on unstructured adaptive meshes is implemented. Results are presented for laminar, viscous flow over a NACA 0012 airfoil.     

Cauchy Matrices in the Observation of Diffusion Equations

Observability Gramians of diffusion equations have been recently connected to infinite Pick and Cauchy matrices. In fact, inverse or observability inequalities can be obtained after estimating the extreme eigenvalues of these structured matrices,with respect to the diffusion semi-group matrix. The purpose is hence to conduct a spectral study of a subclass of symmetric Cauchy matrices and present an algebraic way to show the desired observability results. We revisit observability inequalities for three different observation problems of the diffusion equation and show how they can be (re)stated through simple proofs.     

数字声音广播的发展

本文介绍国外数字声音广播的发展情况，包括优点及技术性能要求；重点介绍欧洲尤里卡１４７／ＤＡＢ研究试验成果和美国同波段ＤＡＢ实验情况。     

Syntheses of Indigoid Dye Precursors and Bioactive Compounds Via Condensation of 1,2- and 1,4-Diones with Thiohydantoins

The condensation of 1,2- and 1,4-diketones with thiohydantoins to give tetrahydroquinodimethane and isatylidene derivatives respectively is described which may act as potential precursors for indigoid dyes as well as bioactive compounds. The synthesized compounds have been characterized by elemental analyses, spectral studies as well as by molecular modelling using PC WIN model. In addition, the newly synthesized products have been screened for antimicrobial activity.