全文获取类型
收费全文 | 18882篇 |
免费 | 2240篇 |
国内免费 | 1901篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 7972篇 |
晶体学 | 126篇 |
力学 | 2530篇 |
综合类 | 63篇 |
数学 | 1682篇 |
物理学 | 9044篇 |
无线电 | 1606篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 37篇 |
2023年 | 244篇 |
2022年 | 525篇 |
2021年 | 609篇 |
2020年 | 661篇 |
2019年 | 601篇 |
2018年 | 492篇 |
2017年 | 585篇 |
2016年 | 824篇 |
2015年 | 727篇 |
2014年 | 1002篇 |
2013年 | 1804篇 |
2012年 | 1003篇 |
2011年 | 1274篇 |
2010年 | 1029篇 |
2009年 | 1242篇 |
2008年 | 1261篇 |
2007年 | 1298篇 |
2006年 | 1104篇 |
2005年 | 824篇 |
2004年 | 715篇 |
2003年 | 642篇 |
2002年 | 613篇 |
2001年 | 517篇 |
2000年 | 515篇 |
1999年 | 422篇 |
1998年 | 414篇 |
1997年 | 285篇 |
1996年 | 256篇 |
1995年 | 241篇 |
1994年 | 216篇 |
1993年 | 179篇 |
1992年 | 150篇 |
1991年 | 120篇 |
1990年 | 86篇 |
1989年 | 86篇 |
1988年 | 70篇 |
1987年 | 59篇 |
1986年 | 37篇 |
1985年 | 40篇 |
1984年 | 34篇 |
1983年 | 25篇 |
1982年 | 35篇 |
1981年 | 17篇 |
1980年 | 13篇 |
1979年 | 20篇 |
1978年 | 12篇 |
1976年 | 13篇 |
1973年 | 8篇 |
1957年 | 11篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
81.
Numerical schemes for systems with multiple spatio-temporal scales are investigated. The multiscale schemes use asymptotic results for this type of systems which guarantee the existence of an effective dynamics for some suitably defined modes varying slowly on the largest scales. The multiscale schemes are analyzed in general, then illustrated on a specific example of a moderately large deterministic system displaying chaotic behavior due to Lorenz. Issues like consistency, accuracy, and efficiency are discussed in detail. The role of possible hidden slow variables as well as additional effects arising on the diffusive time-scale are also investigated. As a byproduct we obtain a rather complete characterization of the effective dynamics in Lorenz model. 相似文献
82.
As predicted by Haldane, spin, S=1 one-dimensional (1D) Heisenberg antiferromagnet (HAF) has an energy gap between the singlet ground state and first excited triplet. On application of magnetic field, the triplet state Zeeman splits and the energy of one of the triplet state becomes zero at a critical field, Hc. Above Hc the system recovers magnetism. Then, we expect that a quasi-1D HAF will show a magnetic long-range ordering (LRO) at low temperatures due to the inter-chain coupling. This field-induced LRO has not been observed before due to complication of the crystal structure in the materials studied so far and/or technical difficulty.From a heat capacity measurement on a single crystal of an S=1 quasi-Q1D HAF, Ni(C5H14N2)2N3(PF6), we found an anomaly at a temperature in finite fields indicating a field-induced phase transition. A magnetic LRO is confirmed by a neutron diffraction measurement on the same sample. The temperature versus magnetic field phase diagram of this compound is constructed and discussed. 相似文献
83.
J. Wang J. Kono A. Oiwa H. Munekata C. J. Stanton 《Superlattices and Microstructures》2003,34(3-6):563
We have carried out an ultrafast time-resolved differential reflectivity study of a ferromagnetic semiconductor InGaMnAs and made a systematic comparison with low-temperature grown and high-temperature grown InGaAs reference films. Very short carrier lifetimes (2 ps) were observed in InGaMnAs and the low-temperature grown InGaAs film, but not in the high-temperature grown InGaAs film. We attribute the short lifetimes to carrier trapping by mid-gap states introduced during low-temperature MBE growth. Furthermore, at long times, we observed periodic oscillations in the differential reflectivity signal with period 20 ps, which we interpret as coherent acoustic phonons. 相似文献
84.
85.
STUDY ON PHASE PERCEPTION IN SPEECH 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Tong Ming Bian Zhengzhong Li Xiaohui Dai Qijun Chen Yanpu 《电子科学学刊(英文版)》2003,20(5):387-392
The perceptual effect of the phase information in speech has been studied by auditory subjective tests. On the condition that the phase spectrum in speech is changed while amplitude spectrum is unchanged, the tests show that: (1) If the envelop of the reconstructed speech signal is unchanged, there is indistinctive auditory perception between the original speech and the reconstructed speech; (2) The auditory perception effect of the reconstructed speech mainly lies on the amplitude of the derivative of the additive phase; (3) td is the maximum relative time shift between different frequency components of the reconstructed speech signal. The speech quality is excellent while td <10ms; good while 10ms< td <20ms; common while 20ms< td <35ms, and poor while td >35ms. 相似文献
86.
D. Mangelinck P. Gas T. Badche E. Taing F. Nemouchi C. Perrin-Pellegrino M. Vuaroqueaux S. Niel P. Fornara J. M. Mirabel L. Fares P. H. Albarede 《Microelectronic Engineering》2003,70(2-4):220-225
The formation of Ti silicides has been examined in flash memories with 0.25 μm linewidth by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. It has been observed that, after the first rapid thermal process and the selective metal etch, there is no silicide on the source and on a majority of drain contacts while C49-TiSi2 is found on the gate. A pre-amorphisation implant increases drastically the formation of C49-TiSi2 in the drain zone while modifications of annealing conditions have little impact. These results indicate that the formation of C49-TiSi2 is most likely controlled by nucleation and that this nucleation is sensitive to both the width and the length of the reaction zone. The formation of a Ti rich silicide may play an important role in this nucleation by decreasing the driving force for the formation of C49-TiSi2. Curiously enough, the formation of C49-TiSi2 appears thus as a major concern for the salicide process in flash memories. 相似文献
87.
An FT-IR study of pyrrole self-association in CCl4 solutions was carried out. According to the IR measurements, pyrrole forms self-associated dimeric species via N-H?π hydrogen bonding. This was also confirmed by quantum chemical calculations for pyrrole monomer and dimer at B3LYP/6-31++G(d,p) level of theory. A T-shaped minimum was located on B3LYP/6-31++G(d,p) PES of pyrrole dimer characterized with a hydrogen bond of an N-H?π type, with centers-of-mass separation of monomeric units of 4.520 Å, H?π distance of 2.475 Å, the interplanar angle between the two monomeric units being 72.9°. The anharmonic vibrational frequency shift upon dimer formation calculated on the basis of 1D DFT vibrational potentials is in excellent agreement with the experimental data (84 vs. 87 cm−1). Harmonic vibrational analysis predicts somewhat smaller shift (68 cm−1). On the basis of NIR spectroscopic data, anharmonicity constants for the 2ν(N-H) and 2ν(N-H?π) vibrational transitions were calculated. The orientational dynamics of monomeric and self-associated pyrrole species was studied within the framework of the transition dipole moment time correlation function formalism. The period of essentially free rotation in the condensed phase reduces from 0.05 ps for the monomeric pyrrole to 0.02 ps for the proton-donor molecule within the dimer. 相似文献
88.
Ricardo L. Mancera Michalis Chalaris Jannis Samios 《Journal of Molecular Liquids》2004,110(1-3):147-153
We have carried out a molecular dynamics study of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) in water at 298 K at two different densities by simulating two different concentrations: 0.055 and 0.19 mole fraction. We have found an enhancement in the structure of water, an effect that becomes more pronounced as the concentration of DMSO increases. At both concentrations there is a well-defined hydration structure around the oxygen atom of DMSO, which is able to establish strong hydrogen bonds with surrounding water molecules. An increase in the concentration of DMSO depletes the solution of bulk water molecules, reducing the number of hydrogen bonds that water can have in the immediate vicinity of DMSO but increasing the strength of the hydrogen bonds made between the oxygen atom of DMSO and water. There is clear evidence of ‘hydrophobic’ hydration around the methyl groups of DMSO, which is enhanced as the concentration of DMSO increases. 相似文献
89.
Naoki Miyamoto Shusuke Nisiyama Satoshi Tomioka Takeaki Enoto 《Optics Communications》2007,272(1):67-72
We utilize nitroanisole, that absorbs infrared (IR) radiation as heat, as an optical modulation device based on a thermal process. The nitroanisole exhibits a thermal lens effect, i.e. a temperature dependent refractive index. Hence, the nitroanisole can induce phase modulation to visible light, in direct response to intensity of the incident IR radiation. The proposed method can be used to obtain the phase modulation distribution that corresponds to the IR intensity distribution, i.e. the IR hologram itself, on the nitroanisole by examining the phase map of visible light that is modulated upon passing through the nitroanisole. The IR wavefront can be reconstructed by calculating extracted IR holograms through the Fresnel transform. It is verified that both the amplitude and the phase of the IR wavefront can be reconstructed accurately by proposed method. 相似文献
90.
Heat transfer in lattice BGK modeled fluid 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The thermal lattice BGK model is a recently suggested numerical tool aiming at solving problems of thermohydrodynamics. The quality of the lattice BGK simulation is checked in this paper by calculating temperature profiles in the Couette flow under different Eckert and Mach numbers. A revised lower order model is proposed to improve the accuracy and the higher order model is proved to be advantageous in this respect, especially in the flow regime with a higher Mach number. 相似文献