Construction and calibration of a multipurpose instrument to simultaneously measure dose,voltage and half-value layer in X-ray emission equipment

This work reports on the development of a multipurpose instrument that simultaneously measures delivered dose (air kerma), peak voltage (kVp) and half value layer (HVL) in X-ray machines. The device will help control quality of X-ray equipment routinely used in diagnostic and interventional radiological procedures. The measuring device is equipped with several attenuating filters of different materials and thicknesses, and Gafchromic^® XR-QA2 radiochromic films are used as sensitive elements. The films are scanned after being irradiated and the resulting color intensities indicate a relationship between the degree of film darkening under each individual filter and the quantities of interest, i.e. air kerma, kVp and HVL. Comparing HVL values measured using the proposed multipurpose instrument with those of a reference standard ionization chamber, discrepancy reached 8.4%. As for the kVp evaluation, anomalous results were observed for low atomic number materials and small thicknesses, especially for peak voltages higher than 70 kVp. However, for materials with higher Z and reasonable thickness, the calibration curve R × kVp was quite satisfactory, being R the ratio between the color intensities obtained with two distinct filters. We have also observed a decrease in the influence of Tungsten characteristic radiation on the calibration curve. These results suggest that the proposed instrument may be satisfactorily used to routinely control quality of X-ray equipment, estimating the radiation dose resulting from the direct beam, the applied voltage across the electrodes and the half value layer.     

基于LED辅助照明的水下图像增强算法研究

水下成像环境十分复杂,在成像过程中受到多种因素的影响,如光照的非均匀性,水对光的后向散射,成像器件的光学噪声,导致图像对比度低,细节模糊.针对水下图像的特点,提出运用同态滤波和双正交小波阈值滤波法相结合的图像增强算法改善水下图像光照的非均匀性、滤除噪声、提高水下图像的对比度,并通过峰值信噪比、均方差对该算法进行了性能评价.     

红外光谱分析丙烯酸树脂包膜尿素膜降解特征

采用傅里叶变换红外光谱吸收(FTIR)方法分析丙烯酸树脂包膜尿素及与生化抑制剂结合的四种肥料在棕壤中膜降解特征,尝试利用红外光谱技术分析丙烯酸树脂膜降解特征,为包膜尿素肥料的应用提供科学依据。分析表明,成膜的化学成分,分子结构和膜组成没有因不同种生化抑制剂的加入而受到影响。膜特征峰出现在3 479～3 195,2 993～2 873,1 741～1 564,1 461～925和850～650cm-1之间,主要是CH3,CH2的—C—H,—OH,C—O,C—C,C—O—C,CO,CC的不对称、对称伸缩振动吸收,峰面随时间变化由平到尖,由宽到窄,吸收强度因化学键量变强弱不一。60d前四种肥料膜红外吸收光谱没有明显区别,膜降解缓慢;而60d后降解速度加快,以120d降解速度最快,310d后四种肥料膜主要分子结构没有实质性改变,膜材料主要成分在棕壤中降解十分缓慢,降解速度并没有明显受到不同生化抑制剂的影响。降解特征可以用红外吸收光谱测定与描述,红外光谱能够描绘膜降解动态,物质化学基团变化,降解速度的差别。     

褐煤颗粒表面官能团的分布特征

采用原位傅里叶红外光谱漫反射测试了北皂褐煤在粒度为40—60目、60—80目、80—100目、100—160目和160目—0.1mm的官能团分布特征,对比分析了不同粒度范围内的红外测试谱图。结果表明,粒度在40—60目以后,官能团区域可识别的特征吸收峰基本一致,可识别的官能团主要是醇羟基、多元醇及缔合羟基,甲基亚甲基,不饱和醛、脂肪烃链式饱和羧酸盐、烯烃,以及苯环取代;在160目—0.1mm的粒度范围内,指纹区验证更加准确,谱图峰型峰位以及峰面积更加准确,能够满足定量分析的要求。研究成果对研究煤不同粒度的宏观特性以及红外特征的定性分析具有重要的指导作用。     

Separation of Inert Gases by Means of the Diffusion Chromatography

Abstract

A mixture of inert gases, He, Ne, Ar, Kr and Xe can be separated into their respective components by applying the technique of diffusion chromatography, in which a special apparatus is not required. Only neccessary is the properly distributed micropores in the column. It can be operated above room temperature. The resultant chromatogram shows sufficient peak resolution except between He and Ne.     

Ultratrace Osmium,Ruthenium and Lead in Airborne Particulate Matter: Peak Area as Instrumental Datum to Improve Their Simultaneous Voltammetric Determination

Peak area as instrumental datum for determining the concentration of metals in solution instead of peak height is proposed for the simultaneous voltammetric determination in particulate matter of ultratrace Os(VIII), Ru(III) and Pb(II), species linked to vehicle emissions. In the case of species present at ultratrace concentration level or having low reversibility degree of the electrodic processes, the employment of peak area, instead of peak current, permits to achieve limits of detection lower even more of one order of magnitude. The method is based on the catalytic current of the Os(VIII)‐, Ru(III)‐ and Pb(II)‐bromate system by differential pulse voltammetry. 0.3 mol L^?1 acetate buffer pH 4.5+6.9×10^?2 mol L^?1 NaBrO₃+2.3×10^?4 mol L^?1 EDTA‐Na₂ was employed as the supporting electrolyte. For all the elements, the accuracy, expressed as relative error e%, and the precision, expressed as relative standard deviation s_r%, were satisfactory being lower than 6 %. To better validate the analytical procedure, a comparison with spectroscopic (electrothermal atomic absorption spectroscopy, ET‐AAS) is also reported.     

一种新型毛细管区带电泳谱图记录模式的研究

提出一种以电通量域模式(吸收信号对电通量作图)代替以时间域模式(吸收信号对时间作图)记录毛细管区带电泳谱图的新模式.在阐述了这种记录模式优点的基础上,用常用的硼砂和磷酸盐体系在不同的电压和固定电压下分离了4种药物,其迁移时间的相对标准偏差分别在41.5%(不同电压下)和1.90%以上(固定电压),而相应的电通量的标准偏差都在1.05%以下,这进一步从实验角度证实了电通量域模式记录电泳谱图的优点:具有极强的抗电场强度波动和温度波动的能力,提高了再现性.以电通量模式记录电泳谱图,还可在一定程度上提高峰面积的重现性.这种记录模式降低了对仪器本身的要求(高压电压电源的稳定性和恒温装置),有可能促进国产低价位毛细管电泳仪的广泛使用     

全二维液相色谱(IEC/RP)的构建与评价

以IEC/RP模式构建了二维液相色谱系统,采用平行交替柱捕集分析的2位十通切换阀作接口,第一维洗脱产物按10:1的分流比分流后,得到IEC和RP切换谱图.以5个标准蛋白混合物的分离评价该系统,在单独一维模式中不能分离的样品在全二维液相色谱中得到了很好的分离.     

OFDM水声通信CS限幅失真补偿与LS信道估计优化算法

正交频分复用技术应用于水声通信系统时,会引起较高的峰均比,当采用限幅法对峰均比进行抑制时,会产生非线性失真.另外,系统采用最小二乘法进行信道估计受噪声的影响较大.针对以上问题,提出了一种基于压缩感知技术的补偿限幅非线性失真与最小二乘信道估计相组合的新算法,在接收端利用导频数据采用压缩感知算法对限幅失真进行补偿,同时对最...