相位测量轮廓术(PMP)中光场非线性误差分析

在相位测量轮廓术( PMP)中,探测器的非线性响应是导致测量误差的重要因素.对该误差进行了理论分析和计算机模拟,比较了几种相移算法对这一误差的抑制能力,模拟结果与理论分析的结果一致.提出一种存在非线性误差时光强函数的几何描述方法,采用帕斯卡蜗线描述二阶非线性光强函数,这是一种用角度射线与帕斯卡蜗线交点在横轴上的投影长来表示相对光强的几何模型,形象地表示了探测光强与光栅移动角度的关系,以及非线性误差存在和不存在时的光强变化.同样,文中采用准卡西尼卵形线蜗线描述三阶非线性光强函数,用同样的方法形象地表示了在存在三阶非线性时探测光强与光栅移动角度的关系,以及非线性误差存在和不存在时的光强变化,可为实际应用中合理地选择算法和直观的评估非线性导致的光强变化提供帮助.     

Measurement of transparence topography based on principal component analysis

An algorithm based on the principal component analysis (PCA) is proposed to measure transparent surface topography. First, many frames of random phase shifted fringe patterns are captured. Second, the first and second principal components are extracted from the phase shifted fringe patterns by PCA. Then, the phase is calculated from principal components. Finally, the correct global phase sign is determined by the clustering method considering local fringe phase monotonicity. The experimental results show that the proposed method can directly extract the three-dimensional (3D) shape, which does not need to determine the amount of phase shift, without precise phase shifter. It reduces the experimental hardware requirements and improves its adaptability in profilometry.     

A new pixel matching method using the entire modulation of the measured object in online PMP

A method using entire modulation information of the measured object itself for pixel matching is proposed in online phase measuring profilometry (PMP). Only one fixed sinusoidal grating is projected onto the moving measured object and then five deformed patterns are captured by the imaging system (CCD). Because the contrast of the sinusoidal grating is a constant, the modulation distribution of each deformed pattern reflecting the gray of the measured region can be extracted. The entire modulation of the object cut from one of them is regarded as a template, and then the distance of the measured object's movement between each two adjacent deformed pattern can be calculated by the correlation operation so that we can cut the corresponding parts containing the measured object's information from five deformed patterns. Then the discrete phase can be calculated with Stoilov algorithm. By the phase unwrapping and the mapping algorithm, the object can be reconstructed exactly. A series of simulations and experiments confirm its feasibility and validity.     

金掺杂PMP泡沫的制备与表征

以聚-4-甲基-1-戊烯(PMP)为泡沫骨架材料,金颗粒为掺杂材料,均四甲苯与萘为混合溶剂体系,通过热诱导倒相技术制备出金掺杂低密度聚合物泡沫。实验结果表明：在金含量不变的情况下,掺杂泡沫的实际密度与理论密度呈线性关系;在理论密度不变的情况下,掺杂泡沫的实际密度随掺杂质量分数的增加趋近于理论值;金实际掺杂质量分数低于理论掺杂质量分数;掺杂泡沫与纯PMP泡沫具有类似的孔洞结构,随掺杂质量分数的增加泡沫的孔洞直径分布变宽且网络骨架尺寸有变大的趋势。     

采用虚拟标准平面标定相位测量轮廓术系统

为了标定相位测量轮廓术系统中相位-高度映射关系,引入了虚拟标准平面。基于投影是摄像的逆过程这一事实,从摄像机模型出发,使用统一的数学模型和平面靶标来标定出摄像机和投影仪的内部、外部参量。再由双目视觉中的立体标定方法得出测量系统的几何结构。最后根据标定得到的参量,在测量体积内设置参考平面并计算得出参考平面及不同高度上平行于参考平面的各标准平面上的相位分布。利用最小二乘法求解相位-高度映射方程系数。实验测量的标准差达到0.046mm。对间距为1.00mm的台阶模型进行测量,实际测得间距为0.99mm。结果表明,该方法可行,简化了相位测量轮廓术系统标定过程。     

基于查表法的非等步相移误差修正算法研究

在相移式轮廓测量（PMP）技术中，提出了一种基于查表法的相移校正算法，使传统的N步计算方法要以适用于任何相移值（非等步相移）的情况，从而降低了对相移器的精度要求。利用计算机传真技术验证了该修正算法的正确性。     

数码相机调焦误差对相位测量轮廓术的影响

给出了数码相机对同一光栅条纹进行多次再调焦拍摄的实验结果，对调焦误差引起的相位测量误差进行了统计分析和数值模拟，给出了相位测量误差和调焦误差之间的解析表达式，并对调焦误差引起相位误差的一些影响因素进行了讨论。数值模拟与理论分析的结果一致。最后，提出了减小或避免这一误差的办法。     

HELIX SENSE-SELECTIVE COPOLYMERIZATION OF TRIPHENYLMETHYL METHACRYLATE WITH CHIRAL ANIONIC INITIATORS

Optically active copolymers of pairs of three monomers, triphenyl (methyl methacrylate)and one or two pyridyl substituted methyl methacrylate homologues, were obtained by helix-sense-selective copolymerization using complexes of organolithium with chiral ligand as anionicinitiators in toluene at low temperature. The copolymers obtained with (-)-sparteine (Sp) and(S,S)-(+)-and (R, R)-(-)-2, 3-dimethoxy-1, 4-bis (dimethylamino) butanes((+)-and (-)-DDB) complexes of organolithium showed low optical activity, but PMP complex with N, N-diphenylethyleneamine monolithium amide (PMP-DPEDA-Li) was effective in synthesizingcopolymers of high optical rotation ([α]_D~(25) about+320～1370°)which were comparable to thoseof relative homopolymers with one-handed helical structure.