Plasma Treatment of Polymers

Abstract

Plasma treatment of polymers encompasses a variety of plasma technologies and polymeric materials for a wide range of applications and dates back to at least the 1960s. In this article we provide a brief review of the United States patent literature on plasma surface modification technologies and a brief review of the scientific literature on investigations of the effects of plasma treatment, the nature of the plasma environment, and the mechanisms that drive the plasma–surface interaction. We then discuss low‐radio‐frequency capacitively coupled nitrogen plasmas and their characteristics, suggesting that they provide significant plasma densities and populations of reactive species for effective plasma treatments on a variety of materials, particularly when placing the sample surface in the cathode sheath region. We further discuss surface chemical characterization of treated polymers, including some results on polyesters treated in capacitively coupled nitrogen plasmas driven at 40 kHz. Finally, we connect plasma characterization with surface chemical analysis by applying a surface sites model to nitrogen uptake of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) and poly(ethylene naphthalate) (PEN) treated in a 40 kHz nitrogen plasma. This example serves to suggest an interesting practical approach to comparisons of plasma treatments. In addition, it suggests an approach to defining the investigations required to conclusively identify the underlying treatment mechanisms.     

Poly(4,8‐bis(2‐ethylhexyloxy)benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b′]dithiophene vinylene): Synthesis,optical and photovoltaic properties

A new benzodithiophene (BDT)‐based polymer, poly(4,8‐bis(2‐ethylhexyloxy)benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b′]dithiophene vinylene) (PBDTV), was synthesized by Pd‐catalyzed Stille‐coupling method. The polymer is soluble in common organic solvents and possesses high thermal stability. PBDTV film shows a broad absorption band covering from 350 nm to 618 nm, strong photoluminescence peaked at 545 nm and high hole mobility of 4.84 × 10^?3 cm²/Vs. Photovoltaic properties of PBDTV were studied by fabricating the polymer solar cells based on PBDTV as donor and PC₇₀BM as acceptor. With the weight ratio of PBDTV: PC₇₀BM of 1:4 and the active layer thickness of 65 nm, the power conversion efficiency of the device reached 2.63% with V_oc = 0.71 V, I_sc = 6.46 mA/cm², and FF = 0.57 under the illumination of AM1.5, 100 mW/cm². © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48: 1822–1829, 2010     

嵌入式软PLC系统的设计和实现

针对传统PLC通用性差、兼容性不好、远程监控难的特点,提出了软PCL的解决方案。首先介绍软PLC发展的相关概念和关键技术,探讨了软PLC的特点;其次详细介绍了软PLC的硬软件设计和实现过程;最后对软PLC系统的性能进行分析,分析结果表明:系统具备了良好的扩展性和移植性,达到了工业领域中远程控制的要求。     

Intensity distribution in the vibronic Γ7(2 T 2g )→Γ8(4 A 2g ) transition of ReBr 6 2− in Hexahalogenostannate host crystals

The phosphorescence spectra of ReBr ₆ ^2– doped A₂SnX₆ (A = K, Rb, Cs; X = Cl, Br) have been measured at 10 K. The spectra consist of a weighted sum of progressions associated with the local modes of the ReBr ₆ ^2– center. By a fit to a generalized Lorentzian line shape function the totally symmetric distortion of the ₇(² T _2g ) excited state relative to the ₈(⁴ A _2g ) ground state has been determined.Dedicated to Professor Dr. H.-H. Schmidtke on the occasion of his 50th birthday.     

基于NIOSⅡ软核的嵌入式信令处理系统实现

文章介绍嵌入式通信信令处理系统的设计，充分利用了NiosⅡ软核特性，基于SOPC设计思想．在一块FPGA芯片内实现一个相对独立的佶令处理系统。并结合整个系统的开发过程，介绍此类系统硬件、软件的设计方法和流程。     

基于Pocket PC的GIS.NET框架分析与研究

嵌入式地理信息系统是导航、定位、地图查询和空间数据管理的一种理想解决方案,Windows Mobile则为基于Pocket PC上的应用程序的开发提供了一个坚实的平台。随着Microsoft.NET Compact Framework 2.0的出现,美国Geo-frameworks公司搭建了基于Pocket PC的GIS.NET框架,从而使Windows Mobile平台上地理信息系统的实现更加高效。分析了GIS.NET的框架设计,并对该框架的功能进行扩展研究,指出了该框架的应用价值。     

新型双线制医用呼叫系统

介绍了一种新型双线制医用呼叫系统的实现原理。该系统采用电源载波技术,利用系统的两芯电源线,实现语音信息和呼叫信息的交换。系统主机由MCS51系列单片机实现,呼叫分机由PIC单片机实现。系统具有可靠性高、成本低、功能强大、安装方便等优点,具有较强的实用价值。     

ASON体系结构及存在的问题研究

介绍了自动交换光网络(ASON)--一种具有灵活性、高可扩展性的能直接在光层上按需提供服务的光网络的发展情况和技术特点,分析了ASON的体系结构,包括3个平面,3个接口、3种连接.最后指出了ASON在规范和应用中存在的问题.     

PC作为Profibus-DP单主站的实现

主要介绍Profibus现场总线的基本特性和通信协议，讨论了以PC作为Profibus—DP单主站实现的可行性，并给出了C语言实现的程序。     

基于PC104总线的数字无线电信号监测系统研究

为了满足数字无线电设备的小型化和信号监测要求,基于PC104总线的高效数据传输特点,采用了上位机监测模块、信号采集解码模块以及PC104总线控制模块相结合的嵌入式系统搭建方法。数字无线电信号经过采集解码模块后,由总线控制模块完成数据在嵌入式处理器和上位机处理器之间的传输,最终在上位机监测模块进行显示。应用结果表明,该实时信号采集处理系统操作简单,具有较高的实时性和稳定性。