爵士乐同期录音概述

通过阐述爵士乐队中各种乐器之间的摆位关系,分析传声器的串音情况并提出了控制串音的原则性解决方案.同时,通过对演奏者监听习惯的分析,试图通过调整监听方式、乐器之间距离和音量比例等方式来帮助他们获得更好的演奏平衡,进而获得更加完美的录音效果.     

基于Sagnac型的双光路平衡探测光纤声传感器

为解决传统声电传声器易腐蚀、易受电磁干扰等问题,提出了一种用光纤提取声音的声光换能器结构。该传感器以Sagnac干涉仪为原型,利用声压作用于感应光纤产生的光弹效应实现光波相位的调制,采用3 × 3耦合器构建双光路平衡探测系统,通过干涉实现语音信号的解调,将光电转换后得到的幅值相等的两路信号进行差分处理,消除共模干扰信号和降低光源噪声。实验测试表明,系统性能稳定,波形失真小,在300~3 400 Hz范围内实现声音信号的提取与还原。     

抑制风噪装置的实验

本文基于风噪原理提出了一种抗风噪结构设计,来抑制传声器拾取风噪。该设计由渐变管道和填充泡棉的腔体两部分组成。渐变管道用来降低气流流速,填充泡棉的腔体用来充当声屏障。COMSOL有限元仿真验证了渐变管道降低流速的能力,风噪实验证明了该设计能有效地抑制风噪。讨论了关键因素对该结构抗风噪能力的影响：大的腔体,小的渐变管道等效直径和高的泡棉密度,都有利于抗风噪效果。最后,基于声传输线和等效电路理论,建立了声波经过该抗风噪结构的传递损失模型。基于该模型和高频不失真条件,提出了抗风噪结构的尺寸设计指标。     

传声器阵列声压级在线校准*

在户外环境中对某一目标噪声源进行声压级测量时,由于单个传声器不能在多声源干扰情况下有效监测目标信号,为了有效抑制非目标信号的干扰,通常利用传声器阵列进行波束形成从而对目标信号进行增强。MEMS传声器阵列由于体积小,价格低等优点而得到广泛使用,为了解决在户外进行噪声监测时,MEMS然而MEMS传声器阵列器件的工艺误差和灵敏度退化问题会导致波束形成滤波器的性能下降存在由器件工艺误差和老化所导致的声压级测量不准确问题,从而影响声压级的测量结果。为了解决这一问题,本文介绍了一种通过比较补偿参考传声器与传声器阵列之间的测量声压级之偏差进行从而实时在线校准的方法。该方法利用TDOA多声源定位方法在时频点上对实时采集的信号对所采集的信号在时频点上挑选有效目标信号进行有效挑选,并利用参考传声器的标准频响特性去修正阵列的声压级测量误差值。为了验证方法的可行性,本文通过实验比较了不同环境噪声干扰下的测量声压级差与无干扰条件下的测量声压级差的一致性,结果证明该校准方法在具有较好高的精确性和鲁棒性,并且可推广于任意一种阵型的传声器阵列声源定位装置噪声监测装置。     

Comparative study of kinetics isomerization of substituted polyacetylene (Cl,F and I): Ab initio and DFT calculations

Ab initio and DFT methods were used to investigate the interconversions of substituted polyacetylene conformers C₁₀H₆X₆ (X=F, Cl and I) in the vapour phase. The rates of this geometrical isomerization have been calculated and the Arrhenius parameters evaluated. In the case of unsubstituted polyacetylene as the reference, the B3LYP Arrhenius parameters obtained are A₁=2.99 × 10¹⁷ s^–1 and E_a=17.30 kcal mol^–1. The values of the equilibrium constant for the reaction have also been determined at various temperatures between 300 and 500 K and the value of the energies change calculated. The results also suggest that the straightforward kinetics characterizing the majority of substituted polyacetylene isomerizations above 300 K. The isomerization energies are positive and the barrier heights ΔE_barrier are expected to be sensitive for the magnitude of halogens effects. According to geometries features the Cis → Trans isomerization in the gas phase occurs by a rotational mechanism.     

Enhanced Frequency-Domain Frost Algorithm Using Conjugate Gradient Techniques for Speech Enhancement

In this paper, the frequency-domain Frost algorithm is enhanced by using conjugate gradient techniques for speech enhancement. Unlike the non-adaptive approach of computing the optimum minimum variance distortionless response （MVDR） solution with the correlation matrix inversion, the Frost algorithm implementing the stochastic constrained least mean square （LMS） algorithm can adaptively converge to the MVDR solution in mean-square sense, but with a very slow convergence rate. In this paper, we propose a frequency-domain constrained conjugate gradient （FDCCG） algorithm to speed up the convergence. The devised FDCCG algorithm avoids the matrix inversion and exhibits fast convergence. The speech enhancement experiments for the target speech signal corrupted by two and five interfering speech signals are demonstrated by using a four-channel acoustic-vector-sensor （AVS） micro-phone array and show the superior performance.     

一种简单RF预失真电路的研究

文章介绍一种基于肖特基二极管的预失真器及其工作原理。预失真器主要由一个肖特基二极管和直流偏置电阻组成,利用二极管的非线性,产生与功放相反的幅度失真与相位失真。通过调节二极管的偏压来调整预失真器的工作状态,使功率放大器在不同输出功率下得到最好的线性度改善。设计实际电路经实验发现,对于应用在C波段的某功率放大器,在不同的输出功率下IMD3的改善不同。在功率放大器1dB增益压缩点处IMD3改善了5dB,而在其他功率点处IMD3最大甚至可以改善20dB。     

Separation and Quantitation of Urinary Phthalates by HPLC

Abstract

A method was developed for the separation and quantitation of plasticizers and their metabolites from human urine using HPLC, Urine was diluted with an equal volume of water and extracted at pH 2.0 with diethyl ether, The extract was dried, the solvent vacuum stripped, and the residue dissolved in methanol for injection into the chromatograph. A C₁₈ reverse phase column containing 10 μ particles was used for the analysis. Ionic suppression, 0.5% acetic acid in water, at pH 3.0 was used to resolve the acidic components. A step gradient of acetonitri1e:water (containing acetic acid) was used to elute the polar metabolites as well as the non-polar plasticizers. Mass spectrometry was used t o identify the compounds in the HPLC fractions. From the HPLC fractions of the urine extract collected, phthalic acid, MEHP, DEHP and normal urinary constituents (e.g., hippuric and benzoic acid derivatives) were identified     

基于分层采样粒子滤波的麦克风阵列说话人跟踪方法

针对噪声与混响环境下的说话人跟踪问题,本文提出了一种基于粒子滤波的麦克风阵列声源定位与跟踪方法.该方法在粒子滤波框架下,将无混响影响的语音建立信号作为观测信息,通过计算麦克风阵列波束形成器的输出能量来构建似然函数,同时考虑语音信号不同频率成分在声源定位中的作用,利用分层采样方法提高粒子的采样效率.实验结果表明,本文方法提高了说话人声源跟踪系统的抗噪声与抗混响能力.