基于GaAs HBT工艺的高增益宽带Doherty功率放大器设计

在传统Doherty功率放大器的基础上,采用砷化镓(GaAs)异质结双极晶体管(HBT)工艺,设计了一款可应用于5G通信N79频段(4.4~5 GHz)的高回退效率MMIC Doherty功率放大器(DPA)。通过在Doherty电路中采用共射-共基结构,并在共射-共基结构中加入共基极接地电容,大幅提升了DPA的增益和输出功率。使用集总元件参与匹配,减小了芯片的面积。仿真结果表明,在目标频段内,增益大于28 dB,饱和输出功率约为38 dBm,饱和附加效率(PAE)为63%,7 dB回退处的效率达到43%。     

Surface segregation of silicon impurities in organic materials

The present revolution in novel organic materials is driven by the synthesis of new materials exhibiting specific functional properties. Traces of silicon compounds are often present in these materials and, although the bulk concentrations of these impurities may be low, segregation can seriously modify the surface composition. Surfaces and interfaces play an important role in many applications, and the intrinsic properties of the materials are thus often obscured by the presence of segregated impurities. By studying silicon impurity segregation in poly‐dialkoxy phenylenevinylene (PPV), polycarbonate and dendrimer macromolecules, we demonstrate how low‐energy ion scattering may be used to determine the surface impurity fraction and to observe which groups at the surface are shielded by the segregated species. We demonstrate that the performance of PPV‐ based light‐emitting diodes is significantly reduced for submonolayer coverages of siloxanes. We find that the kinetics of the segregation process depend strongly on the materials and the sample preparation conditions. We find that the presence of solvents is needed to enable segregation at room temperature. Heating does enable siloxane impurity segregation in polycarbonate in the solid phase, whereas for polydimethylsiloxane in PPV films we find that segregation in the solid phase does not occur up to 200 °C. The siloxane molecules are found to segregate to preferential sites at the surface, shielding the polar groups. Finally, we demonstrate that purification of the surface is often possible through simple procedures that provide an easy way to study the intrinsic properties of the materials. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The crystal structure of a tricarbonyliron-substituted cyclobutadiene complex: Tricarbonyl[1,2,2a,12a-η-5,10-dimethyldibenzo[a,c]cyclobuta[f]cyclooctene-3,12-dione] iron

The crystal structure of tricarbonyl[1,2,2a,12a-η-5,10-dimethyldibenzo[a,c] cyclobuta[f] cyclooctene-3,12-dione] iron, C₂₀O₂H₁₄Fe(CO)₃, has been determined by the single crystal X-ray diffraction technique using data collected with a fully automated diffractometer. The unit cell is monoclinic, space group P2₁/c with a = 12.025(2), b = 23.204(3), c = 14.614(2) Å, β = 102.16(2)°, and contains eight molecules (two per asymmetric unit). The structure was elucidated to study the coordination of the iron atom and to correlate the conformation of the eight-membered ring with an NMR study. The final structure was obtained by Patterson-superposition and Fourier techniques and refined by full-matrix least-squares to a crystallographic residual of 0.070. In both independent molecules the iron atom is 1.77 Å from the cyclobutadiene ring to which it is coordinated. The eight-membered ring is flattened from a boat conformation and the six-membered rings are twisted from coplanarity by an angle of 74°. The twist is such that if one ring points above the eight-membered ring, the other ring will point below it with concomitant pointing in the opposite sense by neighboring carbonyl groups. Such a structure has conformational chirality. It is postulated that the stability of each enantiometer is due to the particularly high energy of the transition state through which each would pass to achieve inter-conversion.     

Photo-acoustic measurements of gas and aerosol absorption with diode lasers

The results of designing multipurpose high-sensitive photo-acoustic (PA) detectors and their application to high-resolution diode laser spectroscopy of molecular gases, gas analysis, and aerosol absorption measurements are summarized in this paper. The hardware and software of the diode laser spectrometer with a Helmholtz resonant PA detector providing an absorption sensitivity limit of better than 10(-7)Wm(-1)Hz(-1/2) are described. A procedure is proposed for an experiment involving the measurements of the rotational structure of hot vibrational bands of molecules. The results of the application of the nonresonant PA cell with temporal resolution of signals to measurements of weak nonresonant absorption of gases and soot aerosols are presented, and the possibility of creating a broad-band PA laser diode aerosol-meter is discussed.     

FT-IR photoacoustic spectra of the surface of Ru3(CO)12/Al2O3 system

The FT-IR photoacoustic spectra of Ru₃(CO)₁₂/Al₂O₃ (acidic and basic alumina) system have been measured for different ageing times. The behaviors of oxidation states of Ru on the surface of basic or acidic alumina and their difference are discussed on the ground of CO stretching bands of their spectra.     

Interpreting divergences and Madelung-type sums via extrapolations of sequence generating polynomials: Method of intersection and area rule

Based on explorations in estimating certain Madelung constants, we put forward here two separate strategies to understand the meaning of two distinct classes of divergent non-power-series expansions. One class refers to alternating series representations, the other to monotonic ones. They chiefly rest on precise and approximate polynomial extrapolations, depending on situations. In case of sawtooth sequences, e.g., the partial-sums obtainable from Dirichlet eta or beta function at negative integer arguments, exact sequence-generating polynomials are found. Extrapolations yield a graphical meaning to anti-limit here, along with the exact answer. For staircase sequences, like the ones obtained from partial-sums of series representations for lambda and zeta functions, again at negative integer arguments, anti-limits do not exist. But, correct sequence-generating polynomials are obtained. There, our recipe relies on estimation of specific, finite areas embedded by such polynomials. The schemes put forward here are direct, independent and conceptually appealing. A subsequent extension of the latter strategy to alternating series also lends extra credence. Two new interpretations of summability are gained. Pilot calculations on several types of lattice sums reveal the worth of our endeavor with approximate extrapolations as well.     

Preparation of sustained-release chlorpyrifos particles via the emulsification coacervation method and their sustained-release performance

MMA-HEMA-MAA ternary random copolymer (PA) and CaCl₂ was used as carrier and precipitant, respectively, and emulsification coacervation was adopted to prepare sustained-release chlorpyrifos particles. The particle size, morphology, structure, and the sustained-released performance of the samples were characterized. Results showed that porous and random sustained-release chlorpyrifos particles piled up into small spherical particles. Hydrogen-bonding interactions between PA and chlorpyrifos molecules were observed, and chlorpyrifos was dispersed among the PA molecules as both crystal and noncrystal forms. Raising chlorpyrifos concentrations resulted in larger proportions of chlorpyrifos distributed in the crystalline state. Chlorpyrifos was loaded into the PA crosslinked network structure and the heat resistance of the pesticide was improved significantly. The sustained-release process of chlorpyrifos was controlled by Fick diffusion mechanism, and the release mechansim of the drug consisted with the Korsmeyer-Peppas kinetic equation.     

中兴领先技术，时刻节能降耗——GSM智能节电技术分析

在GSM网络建设的总拥有成本(TCO)中,设备的电力消耗是运营成本(OPEX)中重要的组成部分,如何降低设备功耗,节约用电,已经成为运营商关注的焦点之一。文章介绍了目前基站的使用现状,以及中兴通讯的节电建设思路——通过一系列业界领先的智能节电技术实现基站设备功耗大幅降低,有效保护生态环境,降低运营成本。     

Melt properties and crystal morphology of polydodecamide plasticized by benzenesulfonamides

The melt of polydodecamide (PA‐12) shows a significant viscosity decrease upon incorporation of benzenesulfonamide plasticizers (BSAs), this effect being maximum for a monofunctional BSA with a 12‐carbon‐atom‐long alkyl chain. Nonexhaustive X‐ray diffraction analysis developed on isothermally crystallized samples validated a two‐phase model for describing PA‐12 plasticized by N‐(n‐butyl)benzenesulfonamide (BBSA). The massive presence of BBSA between the lamellar crystals was established, and lamellar fragmentation was also observed. Further, a steady increase in PA‐12 crystallinity with an increasing BBSA content was evident (and confirmed by DSC) and is consistent with the plasticizer easing the mobility of polymer chains during crystallization. Large melting point depressions resulting from both polymer–plasticizer miscibility and lamellar fragmentation were observed with several mono‐ and bifunctional BSA plasticizers. Phase separation in PA‐12 solid state was only observed at 20 mol % of ?SO₂NH₂, alhough miscibility occurred in the melt. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 39: 2022–2034, 2001     

一种高频E类功率放大器设计方法

E类功率放大器(PA)具有设计简单和高效率的优点,然而频率较高时功率管的寄生输出电容大于E类功率放大器所需的电容,这个寄生输出电容导致E类功率放大器的效率降低.提出一种高频E类功率放大器的设计方法,使用负载牵引得到考虑寄生输出电容后的最佳负载阻抗,再结合谐波阻抗控制方法设计E类功率放大器.采用飞思卡尔的横向扩散金属氧化物半导体(LDMOS)功率管MRF21010设计了一款工作在930～960 MHz的E类功率放大器.测试数据表明,该功率放大器的输出功率为36.8 dBm (4.79W),具有79.4％的功率附加效率.