电解液流速对锌镍单液流电池性能的影响

通过电化学测试、 扫描电子显微镜观察和X射线衍射分析研究了电解液流速、 电流密度和锌沉积面容量三者关系及对锌镍单液流电池充放电性能和负极锌沉积形貌的影响. 结果表明, 锌沉积面容量是影响锌镍单液流电池充放电效率和负极锌沉积形貌的最主要因素, 电解液流速不宜过高或过低. 随着锌沉积面容量的增大, 电池的充放电效率和循环稳定性对电流密度的变化更为敏感, 适宜的电解液流速范围变窄. 锌沉积面容量在25 mA·h/cm²以上, 锌沉积皆呈海绵状. 在较低锌沉积面容量下, 电解液流速也较低时, 海绵锌沉积较为均匀致密. 而在高的锌沉积面容量下, 海绵状锌沉积的团簇和颗粒变大, 不均匀性加重, 仅在适中的电解液流速(7.1 L/min)下, 锌沉积部分致密规整, 电池具有较好的充放电性能.     

基于纳米金Core-satellites等离子体耦合增强效应的汞离子光纤传感器的研究

以DNA杂交双链为联接, 构建纳米金颗粒Core-satellites结构并激发等离子体耦合增强效应,利用Hg2+可与DNA中胸腺嘧啶T形成T-Hg2+-T特异性结构,研制了用于检测水中Hg2+的局域等离子体共振(LSPR)光纤传感器.待测溶液中的Hg2+能够引起富含T的DNA单链折叠,抑制DNA杂交反应,降低等离子体耦合强度,改变LSPR谐振波长.通过检测谐振波长红移变化,实现对Hg2+浓度的定量检测.本方法检测Hg2+的线性范围为5~150 nmol/L, 检出限为3.4 nmol/L (3σ). Zn2+、Mg2+、Pb2+等重金属离子对Hg2+检测无明显干扰作用.实际水样中Hg2+加样回收率为94.2%~105.4%,相对标准偏差<4.8%.     

氟苯尼考胶体金免疫层析定量检测方法的建立

建立了定量检测氟苯尼考的胶体金免疫层析方法.对胶体金标记抗体时溶液pH和抗体浓度、金标抗体用量、检测线上抗原浓度以及检测时间进行了优化.采用胶体金试纸条读取仪测定试纸条检测线和质控线的信号强度,以标准品的浓度为横坐标,阳性样本和阴性样本的检测线/质控线的信号比值(Bx/B0)为纵坐标建立标准曲线.结果表明,胶体金免疫层析试纸定量检测氟苯尼考的线性范围为0.1~1.5 ng/mL,检出限为0.08 ng/mL,检测时间为15 min.本方法具有简便、快速和可定量等特点,适于大批量样品的现场筛查.     

A Novel Method for the Detection of Chlorpyrifos by Combining Quantum Dot-labeled Molecularly Imprinted Polymer with Flow Cytometry

Uniform-sized fluorescent molecularly imprinted polymers were prepared by one-step swelling and suspension polymerization, while chlorpyrifos, methacrylic acid, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, and oil-soluble CdSe/ZnS quantum dots were used as the carrier, template molecule, functional monomer, cross-linker, and fluorophor, respectively. The morphology, adsorption dynamics, binding ability, and selectivity of quantum dot-labeled molecularly imprinted polymers were evaluated. The dosage of quantum dots for labeling the molecularly imprinted polymers was optimized. The results showed that the optimized dose of quantum dots was 200?µL using a concentration of 8.0?µM. The microsphere size was approximately 10?µm with a honeycombed surface. The quantum dot-labeled molecularly imprinted polymers had an even brightness and a high selectivity. In the presence of different concentrations of chlorpyrifos, a decrease in the fluorescence intensity of the quantum dot-labeled molecularly imprinted polymer was clearly identified by flow cytometry. The whole detection process was accomplished within 2?h including pretreatment. This method was used for the determination of chlorpyrifos in tap water samples.     

流变和光学法研究PAN/DMSO/H_2O体系的凝胶化和相分离行为

碳纤维是非常重要的增强材料,在军工以及高档民用产品中用途广泛。因为聚丙烯腈原丝的结构会"遗传"到最终的碳纤维结构中,因此原丝结构对碳纤维的性能影响很大。原丝的结构是纺丝液在凝固浴中的相分离和凝胶化两个过程决定的,因此研究这两个过程的规律并进一步控制它们的进程,达到调控原丝结构的目的是非常重要的。本文介绍了本课题组利用流变学及光学的方法研究PAN/DMSO/H2O体系凝胶化及相分离行为的最新研究成果,主要探索了PAN/DMSO/H2O浓溶液中凝胶化行为,发现了二次自相似结构的形成并对其机理进行了分析,并对PAN/DMSO/H2O亚浓溶液中凝胶化与相分离的耦合过程进行了研究,分析了最终凝胶的结构特性及Winter-Chambon模型在此过程中的适用性。最后,对PAN/DMSO/H2O体系凝胶化及相分离行为的下一步研究进行了展望。     

基础实验:金纳米粒子的制备及其光学性质

围绕金纳米粒子前沿内容,设计了一个简易的本科生基础实验,利用柠檬酸钠还原氯金酸法制备分散性好的金纳米粒子溶液,讨论了其尺寸与颜色的关系,探究了不同电解质和非电解质对金纳米粒子团聚及其颜色的影响,初步了解金纳米粒子的光学特性和探针效应基本原理。     

Controlled Logic Gates—Switch Gate and Fredkin Gate Based on Enzyme‐Biocatalyzed Reactions Realized in Flow Cells

Controlled logic gates, where the logic operations on the Data inputs are performed in the way determined by the Control signal, were designed in a chemical fashion. Specifically, the systems where the Data output signals directed to various output channels depending on the logic value of the Control input signal have been designed based on enzyme biocatalyzed reactions performed in a multi‐cell flow system. In the Switch gate one Data signal was directed to one of two possible output channels depending on the logic value of the Control input signal. In the reversible Fredkin gate the routing of two Data signals between two output channels is controlled by the third Control signal. The flow devices were created using a network of flow cells, each modified with one enzyme that biocatalyzed one chemical reaction. The enzymatic cascade was realized by moving the solution from one reacting cell to another which were organized in a specific network. The modular design of the enzyme‐based systems realized in the flow device allowed easy reconfiguration of the logic system, thus allowing simple extension of the logic operation from the 2‐input/3‐output channels in the Switch gate to the 3‐input/3‐output channels in the Fredkin gate. Further increase of the system complexity for realization of various logic processes is feasible with the use of the flow cell modular design.     

傅里叶变换红外光谱体表无创探测乳腺肿瘤

利用傅里叶变换红外(FTIR)光谱仪联合衰减全反射(ATR)探头的中红外光导纤维对46名健康志愿者及113名乳腺肿物患者的体表皮肤进行无创红外光谱测定, 并从分子水平比较、分析了正常乳腺和有肿物乳腺体表皮肤的红外光谱特征. 结果表明, 健康志愿者乳房皮肤8个FTIR光谱测定部位的图谱趋于一致; 正常乳腺体表与有肿瘤乳腺体表的吸收峰差异明显, 而1080 cm^-1处核酸相关吸收峰的变化对鉴别肿瘤的良、 恶性有重要意义.     

流动注射-分光光度法测定自来水中游离氯的研究

设计了游离氯流动注射自动在线检测仪,并研究了仪器的最佳测试条件.该仪器采用改进的N,N-二乙基-1,4-苯二胺(DPD)比色原理,通过流动注射进样技术,结合光电转化、数字信号处理及自动化控制技术,克服了DPD分光光度法中手工操作的缺陷,实现了样品分析的自动化.结果证明,此系统的试剂用量少、测定范围宽(0.05～6.00...     

添加气对非平衡等离子体转化低碳烷烃的影响

在常压下, 研究了添加气的种类(N₂, He, Ar, H₂, NH₃, CO和CO₂)对介质阻挡放电低碳烷烃(甲烷、 乙烷和丙烷)转化制低碳烯烃的影响. 结果表明, 以甲烷或乙烷为原料时, N₂, He, Ar和CO的引入有利于提高原料的转化率和总烯烃的选择性; 而CO₂, H₂和NH₃的引入对甲烷、 乙烷的转化率无明显影响, 但H₂和NH₃的引入会使总烯烃的选择性显著降低. 以丙烷为原料时, 所研究的添加气均可提高丙烷的转化率, 而只有CO的引入可提高总烯烃选择性. 综上所述, 80%(摩尔分数) CO添加量最有利于低碳烷烃转化成低碳烯烃, 对应的甲烷、 乙烷和丙烷的转化率分别提高了14.4%, 17.6%和42.8%, 总烯烃的选择性分别提高了19.9%, 25.0%和11.9%. 以CH₄为例, 通过对放电电流波形和等离子体区物种的发射光谱(OES)研究发现, 引入CO能显著增加等离子体的电子密度, 并且体系中出现激发态O^*物种(777.5和844.7 nm), 这种O^*物种能够促进C-H键的断裂, 有利于烯烃的生成. 因此, 等离子体区电子密度的增加和激发态O^*物种的出现可能是CH₄-CO体系中CH₄有效转化的主要原因.