公民德性与伦理德性：关怀伦理学的一种启示

公民德性与伦理德性之间的紧张是“古今之争”在现代西方政治生活中的一个重要体现。对这个问题的争论,自由主义与其批评者已陷入僵局。自由主义捍卫个人自主,它主张在公共生活中公民德性应该独立于伦理德性。而自由主义的批评者认为,从德性之构成上看,公民德性是建基在伦理德性之上的,它不能独立存在;并且从实践层面讲,公民德性的维持依赖于伦理德性的增援,是公民德性得以在现实中付诸实践的知性源泉。自由主义的困难在于,它难以回应公民德性如何在行为者的心灵中以一种区分于伦理德性的方式被践行。而自由主义的批评者的困难在于,它难以回应在多元现状下特殊的伦理德性如何被辩护,以及这种伦理德性如何不会蜕变为强制。关怀伦理学有望呈现这样一种公民关系,它的要求比自由主义的公民德性更强,但比彻底将公民生活建基于某种伦理德性的主张更弱。这或许有助于克服自由主义及其批评者的理论困境,在实践上使现代西方公共生活更加葆有生机。     

ICT Workers and Professional Spirit in the E-Business Era

Because of the ubiquity of information and communication technology (ICT) and ICT-based information systems, ICT workers in business organisations have power, both intentional and unintentional, over people's quality of life. On this point, all of them, not only ICT professionals but also non-professionals or end-users, need to accept responsibility to the public and to have professional spirit in order to make and keep the information society and e-business environment safe and reliable. However, an individual ICT worker is not necessarily a strong existence; he or she is in a complex situation filled with stress and pressure and his or her decisions are sometimes affected by it. Therefore, social and organisational measures to prompt ICT workers to behave in professional spirit are necessary to be taken.     

Self-Similar Stable Processes Arising from High-Density Limits of Occupation Times of Particle Systems

We extend results on time-rescaled occupation time fluctuation limits of the (d, α, β)-branching particle system (0 < α ≤ 2, 0 < β ≤ 1) with Poisson initial condition. The earlier results in the homogeneous case (i.e., with Lebesgue initial intensity measure) were obtained for dimensions d > α / β only, since the particle system becomes locally extinct if d ≤ α / β. In this paper we show that by introducing high density of the initial Poisson configuration, limits are obtained for all dimensions, and they coincide with the previous ones if d > α / β. We also give high-density limits for the systems with finite intensity measures (without high density no limits exist in this case due to extinction); the results are different and harder to obtain due to the non-invariance of the measure for the particle motion. In both cases, i.e., Lebesgue and finite intensity measures, for low dimensions [d < α (1 + β) / β and d < α (2 + β) / (1 + β), respectively] the limits are determined by non-Lévy self-similar stable processes. For the corresponding high dimensions the limits are qualitatively different: -valued Lévy processes in the Lebesgue case, stable processes constant in time on (0,∞) in the finite measure case. For high dimensions, the laws of all limit processes are expressed in terms of Riesz potentials. If β = 1, the limits are Gaussian. Limits are also given for particle systems without branching, which yields in particular weighted fractional Brownian motions in low dimensions. The results are obtained in the setup of weak convergence of -valued processes. Research supported by MNiSW grant 1P03A1129 (Poland; T. Bojdecki and A. Talarczyk) and by CONACyT grant 45684-F (Mexico; L.G. Gorostiza).     

Omega diffusion risk model with surplus-dependent tax and capital injections

In this paper, we propose and study an Omega risk model with a constant bankruptcy function, surplus-dependent tax payments and capital injections in a time-homogeneous diffusion setting. The surplus value process is both refracted (paying tax) at its running maximum and reflected (injecting capital) at a lower constant boundary. The new model incorporates practical features from the Omega risk model (Albrecher et al., 2011), the risk model with tax (Albrecher and Hipp, 2007), and the risk model with capital injections (Albrecher and Ivanovs, 2014). The study of this new risk model is closely related to the Azéma–Yor process, which is a process refracted by its running maximum. We explicitly characterize the Laplace transform of the occupation time of an Azéma–Yor process below a constant level until the first passage time of another Azéma–Yor process or until an independent exponential time. We also consider the case when the process has a lower reflecting boundary. This result unifies and extends recent results of Li and Zhou (2013) and Zhang (2015). We explicitly characterize the Laplace transform of the time of bankruptcy in the Omega risk model with tax and capital injections up to eigen-functions, and determine the expected present value of tax payments until default. We also discuss a further extension to occupation functionals through stochastic time-change, which handles the case of a non-constant bankruptcy function. Finally we present examples using a Brownian motion with drift, and discuss the pricing of quantile options written on the Azéma–Yor process.     

Moral responsibility—What is all the fuss about?

Examination of several accounts regarding the nature of moral responsibility allows the extraction of a conceptual core common to all of them. Relying on that core conception of moral responsibility, the paper explores what human life without moral responsibility would be like. That exploration establishes that many robust forms of human relationship and nonmoral normativity could continue, absent moral responsibility, even if moral responsibility were abandoned on incompatibilist grounds. Much more importantly, it also establishes, contra Waller and Pereboom, that only some forms of morality—so-called “behavioral” forms—remain possible without moral responsibility. The paper argues that normative moral approaches that take into account agent intentions in order to assess the moral status of action cannot be applied without moral responsibility of agents. Thus, morality without responsibility needs to be behavioral, not consequentialist, as has often been thought.     

围绕立德树人浅谈思政点的融入——以原子物理学为例

本科教学中应坚持立德树人,注重内涵建设,以学科和专业为引领,促进学生全面发展.原子物理学为物理学专业大二学生的主要课程,正是培养和引领学生树立正确思想导向的关键时期.在原子物理学中融入关键思政点以加强立德树人建设,是培养一流人才、打造一流本科教学的关键.文章主要讨论了在原子物理学教学中,如何以立德树人为目标,科学、正确地融入课程思政内容.     

面向制造成本甄别和销售努力激励的供应链协调契约研究

针对二级供应链中制造商隐藏成本信息和销售商隐藏努力行动引发的低效率问题, 结合委托代理理论, 引入一个虚拟第三方为利他的 委托人, 建立逆向选择和道德风险下供应链协调模型, 来甄别制造商的真实成本且对销售商的努力实施有效激励, 并通过模型求解得到供应链实现协调时各契约参数需满足的关系. 结果表明, 所设计的协调契约能够激励制造商自愿真实上报成本信息, 刺激销售商寻求低成本的制造商进行合作并付出最优努力. 最后, 通过算例分析验证了契约模型对供应链协调的有效性.     

逆向信息和道德风险下的供应链线性激励契约研究

本文我们利用委托代理理论，研究了供应商和零售商之间的利益博弈．考察了两类不对称信息——逆向信息和道德风险并存下的供应链线性契约．通过把问题归结为一个二层规划问题，求解得到了相关结论：与道德风险下的线性契约[12]相比，两类不对称信息的存在，使得对零售商的激励变得更加复杂．通过数值试验，比较了线性甄别契约和线性混同契约，发现对于作为委托人的供应商而言，甄别契约比汇同契约更有效率．     

一类流动介质下超过程占位时的状态特征

本文考虑流动介质下的粒子系统，在Ｄａｗｓｏｎ假设下引出一类带广义分枝的测度值分枝过程（超过程）．这类超过程描述了更丰富的粒子分枝现象，具有许多独特的性质．在此我们主要研究其积分过程即占位时过程，揭示了它的两个重要特性即密度场的存在性和长时间的收敛性．