Red/Near‐Infrared Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence OLEDs with Near 100 % Internal Quantum Efficiency

Developing red thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters, attainable for both high‐efficient red organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) and non‐doped deep red/near‐infrared (NIR) OLEDs, is challenging. Now, two red emitters, BPPZ‐PXZ and mDPBPZ‐PXZ, with twisted donor–acceptor structures were designed and synthesized to study molecular design strategies of high‐efficiency red TADF emitters. BPPZ‐PXZ employs the strictest molecular restrictions to suppress energy loss and realizes red emission with a photoluminescence quantum yield (Φ_PL) of 100±0.8 % and external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 25.2 % in a doped OLED. Its non‐doped OLED has an EQE of 2.5 % owing to unavoidable intermolecular π–π interactions. mDPBPZ‐PXZ releases two pyridine substituents from its fused acceptor moiety. Although mDPBPZ‐PXZ realizes a lower EQE of 21.7 % in the doped OLED, its non‐doped device shows a superior EQE of 5.2 % with a deep red/NIR emission at peak of 680 nm.     

Molecular Design Approach Managing Molecular Orbital Superposition for High Efficiency without Color Shift in Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescent Organic Light-Emitting Diodes

Molecular design principles of thermally activated delayed fluorescent (TADF) emitters having a high quantum efficiency and a color tuning capability was investigated by synthesizing three TADF emitters with donors at different positions of a benzonitrile acceptor. The position rendering a large overlap between the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) enhances the quantum efficiency of the TADF emitter. Regarding the orbital overlap, donor attachments at 2- and 6-positions of the benzonitrile were more beneficial than 3- and 5-substitutions. Moreover, an additional attachment of a weak donor at the 4-position further increased the quantum efficiency without decreasing the emission energy. Therefore, the molecular design strategy of substituting strong donors at the positions allowing a large molecular orbital overlap and an extra weak donor is a good approach to achieve both high quantum efficiency and a slightly increased emission energy.     

白光有机电致发光器件进展

白光有机电致发光器件（WOLEDs）在显示和照明领域有着极大的应用前景,受到人们广泛的关注。本文从多个方面综述了WOLEDs近年来的研究进展,探讨了它的应用前景及需要解决的问题。     

Saturated Red‐Light‐Emitting Gold(III) Triphenylamine Dendrimers for Solution‐Processable Organic Light‐Emitting Devices

A novel isoquinoline‐containing C^N^C ligand and its phosphorescent triphenylamine‐based alkynylgold(III) dendrimers have been synthesized. These alkynylgold(III) dendrimers serve as phosphorescent dopants in the fabrication of efficient solution‐processable organic light‐emitting devices (OLEDs). The photophysical, electrochemical, and electroluminescence properties were studied. A saturated red emission with CIE coordinates of (0.64, 0.36) and a high EQE value of 3.62 % were achieved. Unlike other red‐light‐emitting iridium(III) dendrimers, a low turn‐on voltage of less than 3 V and a reduced efficiency roll‐off at high current densities were observed; this can be accounted for by the enhanced carrier transporting ability and the relatively short lifetimes in the high‐generation dendrimers. This class of alkynylgold(III) dendrimers are promising candidates as phosphorescent dopants in the fabrication of solution‐processable OLEDs.     

Effect of a perfluorocyclopentene core unit on the structures and photoluminescence of fluorene- and anthracene-based compounds

A novel series of blue luminescent compounds, in which three identical functional groups, such as fluorene, anthracene, and spiro-bifluorene, are linked distortedly around a perfluorocyclopentene core, have been synthesized and characterized. The introduction of a perfluorocyclopentene linkage into the molecular framework leads to an enhancement of the photoluminescence (PL) efficiency and thermal stability. All compounds exhibit intense blue photoluminescence, which has been attributed to fluorene- or anthracene-based π→π* transitions. The maximum emission wavelengths of all compounds at room temperature are in the region of 420-480 nm, with higher PL quantum efficiencies than in 9,10-diphenylanthracene. The electroluminescent (EL) properties of compound 4, 1,2-bis(9,9′-spirobifluoren-2-yl)-3,3,4,4,5,5-hexafluorocyclopentene, were investigated. A multilayer EL device with the configuration of ITO/2TNATA(60 nm)/NPB(20 nm)/ADN:2%-compound-4(35 nm)/Alq₃(20 nm)/LiF(2 nm)/Al has been successfully fabricated.     

不同缓冲层对OLEDs的影响

通过比较三种用不同缓冲层材料(TiO2、Alq3和PBD)修饰ITO的有机电致发光器件和没有缓冲层修饰的器件发现,TiO2材料修饰的器件启亮电压最低,效率最高;Alq3修饰的器件启亮电压次之;PBD材料修饰的器件启亮电压最高,效率最低。TiO2的最优化厚度比Alq3和PBD的最优化厚度大,因此对于ITO表面的平整作用也较强。三种材料HOMO能级也不一样,TiO2材料的HOMO能级最高,因此三个材料中TiO2对于空穴的阻挡作用最大,通过隧穿作用穿过缓冲层材料PBD的空穴数就小于缓冲层材料Alq3和PBD,TiO2修饰的器件的载流子的平衡程度就高于Alq3和PBD修饰的器件,从而效率也高于Alq3和PBD修饰的器件。     

利用有机层间互相掺杂提高有机电致发光器件的效率

提高器件的发光效率是实现有机电致发光器件实用化的一个关键因素。通过对器件结构和制作工艺的优化设计，将有机电致发光器件的各个功能层进行互相掺杂，在层间形成互掺过渡层达到平衡载流子的注入，使得注入的电子和空穴有效地限制在互掺的有源区内，增加了载流子相遇复合的几率，进而提高器件的发光效率。器件的最大电流效率在外加电压10．5V时达到7．9cd／A，最大发光亮度在35V时达到49000cd／m^2。和一般掺杂器件相比效率提高2倍以上。同时有机层间的互相掺杂也在一定程度上消除了层问的界面，减少了有机层问的缺陷，与没有过渡层的器件相比，器件老化性能有了明显改善。     

Thermal annealing effect on light emission profile of polyfluorenes containing double bond subunit

We presented comprehensive photoluminescence (PL) and electroluminescence (EL) studies of polyfluorene based electroactive polymer (SF4) containing double bond side chain to investigate its characteristics as a function of temperature. Annealing treatment was conducted for thin films on glass substrates and also for the organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) at different temperatures. While polymer thin film coated on to glass substrate annealed at < 150 °C exhibited green color emission, OLEDs that annealed at >150 °C shifted white color emission. It was implying that the emission was taking place interchain interaction. Phase modulation at higher annealing temperatures was occurred on the thin film as shown AFM images. Further, annealed polymer film with 120 °C exhibited the best performance in OLED device with luminance 5241 cd m⁻², a maximum efficiency 1.54 cd A⁻¹ and external quantum efficiency 0.54% compared to other polymer films annealed with different temperatures.     

Triptycene-Fused Sterically Shielded Multi-Resonance TADF Emitter Enables High-Efficiency Deep Blue OLEDs with Reduced Dexter Energy Transfer

Designing multi-resonance (MR) emitters that can simultaneously achieve narrowband emission and suppressed intermolecular interactions is challenging for realizing high color purity and stable blue organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). Herein, a sterically shielded yet extremely rigid emitter based on a triptycene-fused B,N core (Tp-DABNA) is proposed to address the issue. Tp-DABNA exhibits intense deep blue emissions with a narrow full width at half maximum (FWHM) and a high horizontal transition dipole ratio, superior to the well-known bulky emitter, t-DABNA. The rigid MR skeleton of Tp-DABNA suppresses structural relaxation in the excited state, with reduced contributions from the medium- and high-frequency vibrational modes to spectral broadening. The hyperfluorescence (HF) film composed of a sensitizer and Tp-DABNA shows reduced Dexter energy transfer compared to those of t-DABNA and DABNA-1. Notably, deep blue TADF-OLEDs with the Tp-DABNA emitter display higher external quantum efficiencies (EQE_max=24.8 %) and narrower FWHMs (≤26 nm) than t-DABNA-based OLEDs (EQE_max=19.8 %). The HF-OLEDs based on the Tp-DABNA emitter further demonstrate improved performance with an EQE_max of 28.7 % and mitigated efficiency roll-offs.