传感器接口电路的抗干扰设计

介绍了传感器小信号处理时存在影响精度的来自三方面的干扰问题：局部产生、子系统内部的耦合、外部产生，并讨论了设计电路时相应的解决办法。     

2.30GHz—2.70GHz锁相环式频率综合技术研究

本文阐述了一个基本的Ｓ波段锁相式频率综合器，频率范围是２．３０ＧＨｚ－２．７０ＧＨｚ，频率步进为５ＭＨｚ，相位噪声指标为￡（１０ｋＨｚ）〈－９５ｄＢｃ／Ｈｚ，杂散抑制优于５０ｄ，输出功率大于１０ｄＢｍ。     

Sampling techniques for the estimation of the annual equivalent noise level under urban traffic conditions

This paper summarises 5 years of continuous noise measurements carried out at one of the most important squares in Valencia (Spain). The chosen square is a clear hotspot for traffic noise in a large city. The aim of this study is to determine the appropriate measuring time in order to obtain a 24-h noise level suitable to represent the annual equivalent level. Our findings allow us to reach a number of conclusions in terms of the most suitable urban traffic noise measurement techniques. A random day strategy for sampling is found to give a more accurate representation than a consecutive days strategy. If the sampling strategy involves measurements on randomly-chosen days, then at least 6 days should be used.     

The Effect of Noise on Computer-Aided Measures of Voice: A Comparison of CSpeechSP and the Multi-Dimensional Voice Program Software Using the CSL 4300B Module and Multi-Speech for Windows

The effect of noise on computer-derived samples of voice was compared across three different hardware/software configurations. The hardware/software systems included a stand-alone A/D converter (CSL Module 4300B) coupled to a custom Pentium PC used in conjunction with the Multi-Dimensional Voice Program (MDVP) software, and a Creative Labs A/D converter coupled to the same custom PC under software control of MDVP/Multispeech and CSpeechSP. Voice samples were taken from 10 female subjects, then mixed with computer fan noise creating three different signal-to-noise (S/N) levels. Mixed signals were analyzed on the three hardware/software systems. Results revealed that fundamental frequency was most resistant to the degradation effect of noise across systems; jitter and shimmer values, however, were more variable across all configurations. Jitter and shimmer values were significantly higher under certain S/N levels for the MDVP 4300B based system as compared to MDVP for Multi-Speech and CSpeechSP. The findings punctuate the need for sensitivity to recording environments, careful selection of hardware/software equipment arrays, and the establishment of minimal recording conditions (>25 dBA S/N) for voice sampling and analysis using computer-assisted methods.     

A traffic noise prediction method based on vehicle composition using genetic algorithms

The effect of traffic composition on the noise pollution has been investigated in a small city Erzurum, located in eastern Turkey, where the population is about 400,000. Manual noise measurements and vehicle counts were performed at the four heaviest traffic points in the city for a period of 12 h. Using the information on vehicle composition and the maximum legal noise emissions of each type of vehicles, two prediction models based on genetic algorithms have been developed that can be used as tools for in-city traffic flow redesign. The models have been validated against some of the noise data. Measured traffic noise levels have been compared with predictions using the new models and some existing ones and a relatively good agreement has been obtained between them.     

Motorway noise modelling based on perpendicular propagation analysis of traffic noise

A model for motorway traffic noise has been obtained from measurements along the the Bangkok-Chonburi motorway. The model’s parameters include traffic volume and combination, the average spot speed of each type of vehicle and the physical conditions of the motorway in terms of right-of-way width, number of lanes, lane width, shoulder width, and median width for both of the main carriageways and frontage roads. The noise level that is generated by each type of vehicle has been analyzed according to the propagation in the direction perpendicular to the center line of motorway’s carriageway. The total traffic noise is then analyzed from traffic volume of all vehicle types on both sides of carriageways and frontage roads. The basic noise levels used in the motorway traffic noise model are modified according to the effective ground effect along the propagation path. The final result of this study is that a motorway traffic noise model based on the perpendicular propagation analysis technique performs well in a statistical goodness-of-fit test against the field data, and therefore, can be used effectively in traffic noise prediction for related or similar motorway projects.     

一种改进的异步计数器分析方法

本文介绍一种改进的异步计数器分析方法，提出时钟约束状态方程的概念与计算方法；给出了分析步骤与典型实例。     

一种基于V／F变换的数字相敏检测方法

本文提出一种基于电压频率变换（Ｖ／Ｆ）的数字相敏检测方法。这种方法可对被检测信号进行矢量分析，文中分析了这种数字相敏检测方法在加性高斯白噪声和谐波干扰环境下的检测性能，并给出了这种方法与常用的正交采样法的计算机模拟比较结果，此外，文中还给出了本文所提出方法用微处理器实现的结构。     

高速列车商务舱内降噪方案研究

轨道交通工具的噪声问题越来越受到人们的关注,本文针对某高铁商务舱内噪声过大的问题应用统计能量模型结合实验进行问题诊断,发现内装地板的振动是车内噪声的主要来源,进而分析结构传递路径是导致内装地板振动过大的原因。结合主要的能量贡献路径提出了应用分布式吸振器、地板吸音板以及改变地板连接结构的方式来降低车内噪声。通过实验验证发现优化后主要的噪声峰值频率100-300Hz之间有明显改善,商务舱内的噪声由75.1dBA下降至71.3dBA,达到了降噪目标。     

Prediction and Limitations of Noise Maps Developed for Heterogeneous Urban Road Traffic Condition: A Case Study of Surat City,India

Road traffic noise pollution has been recognized as a serious issue which affects human health as well as affects urban regions. Noise maps are very beneficial to identify the impact of noise pollution. A noise mapping study performed to study the propagation of noise in tier-II city along with field measurements. The noise maps are developed using a computer simulation model (SoundPLAN essential 4.0 software). The noise prediction models like U.K’s CoRTN, Germany’s RLS-90, and their modified versions, which can be used for homogenous road traffic conditions, cannot be successfully applied in heterogeneous road traffic conditions of India. In developing country like India, road traffic noise pollution depends on the composition of heterogeneous traffic volume, variance in road geometrical, honking conditions, un-authorized parking, and varying density of the building on either side of the road. These traffic compositions contain vehicles, which have different sizes, speeds variations, a different dimension of vehicles. Because of fluctuating speeds, lack of lane disciplines, and un-authorized parking on main road lanes, honking events becomes inevitable, which changes and affects the urban soundscape of nations like India. Analysis of noise maps showed that horn honking due to un-authorized parked vehicles contributed an additional increase up to 11 dB (A) noise, which is quite significant.