宇宙射线缪子成像技术在中国的研究进展

宇宙射线缪子成像是一种新型的绿色核成像技术,近年来发展迅速。该技术利用天然的缪子射线对物体实现无损、高精度的三维成像。国内多所高校和研究机构已开展了一些缪子成像技术的相关研究,包括系统研发、场景应用和少量的成像算法研究。本文针对两种不同原理的缪子成像在国内的研究进行了综述,通过一些典型案例的介绍,展现该技术在经济、文化和社会方面的巨大价值和潜力。我国幅员辽阔、工业体系完善,缪子成像技术在多个领域具有广泛的应用需求。随着相关研究的深入推进,该技术在未来将取得持续发展并得到广泛应用,在文物保护与挖掘、矿藏勘探、基础设施结构监测、泥石流自然灾害预警等产业端发挥重要作用。     

中子成像技术在元素分析中的应用

中子成像作为一种快速、直观的无损检测技术,在核工业、航空航天、新能源、地质、考古、先进制造等多个领域得到广泛应用。中子成像利用中子不带电、穿透能力强、对轻元素敏感、可区分同位素和近邻元素等特性,非常适合开展含氢元素、近邻元素和同位素等材料的无损检测。本文概述了中子成像技术的基本原理及特点,并结合中国先进研究堆(CARR)中子成像装置上的应用案例, 重点介绍了国内外中子成像技术在储氢材料、燃料电池、岩石、核燃料元件、古代文物等领域的典型应用。随着中子成像技术的不断发展和广泛应用,有望为我国更多领域研究提供更强有力的技术支撑。     

Optimization of Direct Aromatic 18F-Labeling of Tetrazines

Radiolabeling of tetrazines has gained increasing attention due to their important role in pretargeted imaging or therapy. The most commonly used radionuclide in PET imaging is fluorine-18. For this reason, we have recently developed a method which enables the direct aromatic ¹⁸F-fluorination of tetrazines using stannane precursors through copper-mediated fluorinations. Herein, we further optimized this labeling procedure. 3-(3-fluorophenyl)-1,2,4,5-tetrazine was chosen for this purpose because of its high reactivity and respective limited stability during the labeling process. By optimizing parameters such as elution conditions, precursor amount, catalyst, time or temperature, the radiochemical yield (RCY) could be increased by approximately 30%. These conditions were then applied to optimize the RCY of a recently successfully developed and promising pretargeting imaging agent. This agent could be isolated in a decay corrected RCY of 14 ± 3% and Am of 201 ± 30 GBq/µmol in a synthesis time of 70 min. Consequently, the RCY increased by 27%.     

虚拟现实系统中的视觉延迟研究

视觉延迟将致虚拟现实系统的沉浸感遭到破坏，并导致用户产生运动高，对产生视觉延迟的检测延迟和成像延迟进行了研究。     

星载-机载混合双站SAR回波信号的仿真

对于星载-机载双站合成孔径雷达（SA-BiSAR）系统,回波模拟的关键是计算出卫星、飞机和目标这三者之间的距离。在考虑地球自转的情况下,提出了用坐标变换的方法,解决了近地空间与外太空之间距离的计算问题,实现了任意几何模型下更为精确的SA-BiSAR回波模拟。同时,利用此方法也可获得直达波信号。点目标的仿真展示了SAR回波信号的特征,该方法得到了验证。     

飞秒光电子影像技术对氯丙烯分子的光电离/解离机理的研究

飞秒光电子影像技术结合飞行时间质谱对氯丙烯（C3H5Cl）在200 nm、400 nm、800 nm飞秒脉冲下的光电离/解离机理进行了研究。实验结果表明氯丙烯的光电离/解离机理与激光波长存在依赖关系。分析发现,在短波长200 nm时,母体分子C3H5Cl以双光子电离为主要通道,而其他的碎片离子则来源于C3H5Cl+的解离。当波长向长波方向变化时,例如800 nm时,C3H5Cl中间态的解离就开始占主导地位,碎片离子的信号也相应增强。此外,光电子能谱进一步证实了在400 nm和800 nm时存在来源于中性碎片的光电子,而这些中性碎片又是由C3H5Cl的中间态直接解离而产生的。这意味着,在长波400 nm和800 nm时,母体分子可能被激发到寿命较短的中间解离态,从而解离产生中性碎片,导致光解离过程在长波段占有重要角色。     

美国动能拦截弹红外成像导引头的发展分析

概述了美国弹道导弹防御系统的核心要求和红外制导型动能拦截弹在该系统中的重要地位.介绍了美国正在部署、试验和研制的几种大气层外和大气层内弹道导弹防御动能拦截器的红外成像导引头的作战使命、拦截目标、任务特性、设计方案和发展现状,简要分析了美国正在和即将部署的动能拦截弹难以有效地对付不断发展的弹道导弹威胁的突防对抗措施的弱点,概述了近年来发展的满足多对多拦截需求的多拦截弹头(MKV)的红外成像导引头的发展现状,并介绍了近年来重点探索的旨在提高对小间距物体的区辨能力和对弹道导弹弹头的识别能力的新概念红外成像导引头,包括多波段红外成像导引头和主/被动红外成像导引头.     

基于CMOS图像传感器的成像系统设计

以OV 5 116CMOS图像传感器为例 ,讨论了基于CMOS图像传感器的成像系统的电路设计方法及系统设计中应注意的问题 ;并通过对CMOS图像传感器外围电路的优化设计实现了成像系统的微型化和轻量化。     

Increase in the Intracellular Bulk Water Content in the Early Phase of Cell Death of Keratinocytes,Corneoptosis, as Revealed by 65 GHz Near-Field CMOS Dielectric Sensor

While bulk water and hydration water coexist in cells to support the expression of biological macromolecules, how the dynamics of water molecules, which have long been only a minor role in molecular biology research, relate to changes in cellular states such as cell death has hardly been explored so far due to the lack of evaluation techniques. In this study, we developed a high-precision measurement system that can discriminate bulk water content changes of ±0.02% (0.2 mg/cm³) with single-cell-level spatial resolution based on a near-field CMOS dielectric sensor operating at 65 GHz. We applied this system to evaluate the temporal changes in the bulk water content during the cell death process of keratinocytes, called corneoptosis, using isolated SG1 (first layer of stratum granulosum) cells in vitro. A significant irreversible increase in the bulk water content was observed approximately 1 h before membrane disruption during corneoptosis, which starts with cytoplasmic high Ca²⁺ signal. These findings suggest that the calcium flux may have a role in triggering the increase in the bulk water content in SG1 cells. Thus, our near-field CMOS dielectric sensor provides a valuable tool to dissect the involvement of water molecules in the various events that occur in the cell.     

Discriminant Analysis of the Nutritional Components between Organic Eggs and Conventional Eggs: A 1H NMR-Based Metabolomics Study

The difference of nutrient composition between organic eggs and conventional eggs has always been a concern of people. In this study, ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technique combined with multivariate statistical analyses was conducted to identify the metabolite different in egg yolk and egg white in order to reveal the nutritional components information between organic and conventional eggs. The results showed that the nutrient content and composition characteristics were different between organic and conventional eggs, among which the content of glucose, putrescine, amino acids and their derivatives were found higher in the organic eggs yolk, while phospholipids were demonstrated higher in conventional eggs yolk. Organic acid, alcohol, amine, choline and amino acids were higher in conventional eggs white, but glucose and lactate in organic egg were higher. Our study demonstrated that there are more nutritive components and higher nutritional value in organic eggs than conventional eggs, especially for the growth and development of infants and young children, and conventional eggs have more advantages in promoting lipid metabolism, preventing fatty liver, and reducing serum cholesterol. Eggs have important nutritional value to human body, and these two kinds of eggs can be selected according to the actual nutrient needs.